460 Prof. Reid on the Vogmarus Islandicus. 



the spinous processes, can be ascertained by external examination 

 when the colouring matter of the skin has been rubbed off, and 

 may be useful in identifying the species, I have subjoined a few 

 such measurements. Immediately behind the occiput the spinous 

 processes are decidedly longer than the interneural spines. 



From lateral line From lateral line From points of 

 to lower margin to points of spi- spinous pro- 

 of body. nous processes. cess to upper 

 In inches. margin of 



Five inches behind occiput (measured body. 



along lateral line) 4yL 3 2^*0^ 



Ten inches behind occiput 4-/^ 3 3 



Midway between vent and occiput ... 4^'^ 2-5-% 4^'^ 



Opposite vent 4^'^ 2 4y''o 



Midway between vent and termination 



of caudal vertebrae 2y*^ 1-^% 2y% 



Nine inches from termination of cau- 

 dal vertebrae 1^% Oy% 1^-% 



The great length of the interneural spines causes the spinal 

 column to be placed nearer the inferior than the superior edge of 

 the body through the greater part of its length. 



In the intermaxillary bones of the upper jaw there were seven 

 small, conical, curved and reclined teeth, the apices of which 

 projected backwards, situated about yg^^^ ^^ ^^ i^^^ from the 

 anterior margin of the jaw. In the lower jaw there were four 

 teeth on the right side and two on the left, placed near the an- 

 terior margin of the jaw. Three of these on the right side were 

 in a row, while the fourth, which was smaller, was placed be- 

 tween them and the anterior margin of the jaw. There were 

 appearances of a tooth having lately been displaced from the left 

 side of the lower jaw. The largest of these teeth measured /^ ths 

 of an inch along their convex edge, while their apices were only 

 elevated -^^ih. of an inch above the mucous membrane of the 

 mouth. There were two teeth on the anterior part of the vomer, 

 one considerably smaller than the other, and immediately in front 

 of the larger, placed in the mesial line of the head, nearly of the 

 same size as those in the jaws, also curved backwards, but more 

 erect than those in the jaws. The outer edges of the two supe- 

 rior pharyngeal bones were also provided with curved sharp- 

 pointed teeth, the apices of which looked inwards towards their 

 fellows of the opposite side. These were longer, more erect, and 

 not so thick at their base as those of the jaws. Two rows of 

 processes — from six to twelve in number in each row — arranged 

 along the convex edge of each branchial arch, one row springing 

 directly from that edge, the other formed of smaller processes, 

 placed immediately below this and springing from the upper part 

 of the posterior surface of the arch, were furnished with small, 

 sharp-pointed, slightly (hirved teeth. No teeth were observed in 

 any other situation than those named above, viz. the intermax- 



