Zoological Society. 291 



A thick epithelium lines the whole of the three cavities above-de- 

 scribed, as in other Ruminants. The lining membrane of the fourth 

 or true digesting cavity was rather more vascular than usual : the 

 almost smooth mucous membrane is produced into subparallel oblique 

 folds 11 inch in breadth at its cardiac half: these subside towards 

 the pyloric half, where the chief object is the valvular protuberance 

 which overhangs the aperture leading into the duodenum. The 

 duodenum bends backwards and turns down abruptly before gaining 

 the left lumbar region ; then bends upwards and towards the left side, 

 where it becomes free and carries out a complete investment from 

 the mesentery : in the previous part of its course it is closely attached 

 to the adjoining intestines. The principal mass of the small intes- 

 tines lies dorsal and sacral of the enormous stomach, disposed in 

 short coils upon the mesentery ; they measured 132 feet in length. 



The ilium terminates in the eaecum in the right lumbar region. 

 The caecum is a simple, cylindrical, non-sacculated gut, about twice 

 the diameter of the ilium ; it is bent upon the beginning of the colon, 

 to which it is attached. 



The colon describes an arch at its commencement, ascending from 

 the right side, and curving over to the left behind the paunch, then 

 winding to the right again, and describing the series of subspiral 

 folds characteristic of this gut in the Ptuminants. The rectum de- 

 scends nearly along the bodies of the lumbar and sacral vertebrae to 

 the anus. The total length of the large intestines was twenty-one 

 feet. The liver was proportionally small, and consisted chiefly of 

 one lobe, as in other Ruminants ; not extending into the left epigas- 

 trium. There is a small lobulus Spigelii on the right and posterior 

 border. 



The gall-bladder, large and full, protruded from a fissure in the 

 right side of the liver : its duct receives four or five tributary ducts 

 before it unites with the proper hepatic duct, which brings the bile 

 from the left part of the liver. The ductus communis choledochus 

 enters the duodenum where it forms its first bend. 



The pancreas lies below the liver, with its larger end across the 

 last dorsal vertebra, and its narrower prolongation accompanying the 

 duodenum ; the duct terminates in that intestine about eight inches 

 beyond the biliary inlet. The kidneys consisted each of about twenty 

 distinct lobes or renules. The more compact suprarenal bodies also 

 manifested a subdivided outer surface. 



The above portions of the notes of the dissection of the male Au- 

 rochs include all that appeared to be in any degree characteristic 

 of the species, or affording any discriminative characters, as com- 

 pared with its nearest congeners. The thoracic viscera, as far as 

 their morbid condition permitted the comparison, were like those of 

 the common Ox. I do not remember to have been so much im- 

 pressed in former dissections of Ruminants with the beautiful adap- 

 tation of the parts exterior to the large and complex stomach, to its 

 support and the facilitating its movements. Much of what is ordi- 

 nary inelastic aponeurotic tissue in the abdominal parietes of many 



