Bovine Animals of Scandinavia. 351 



state as plainly shows they belonged to a more ancient period 

 than that in which tame cattle existed in this country. 



Abode. — This species has lived in Scania contemporaneously 

 with the Bos primigenius and Bison europceus ; that it has also 

 often been found in England, the above-mentioned cranium will 

 show, which is preserved in the British Museum. As with us, 

 it belongs to the country's oldest postpliocene fauna: it, like 

 the before-mentioned Ox species, together with the Reindeer, 

 Wild-boar and others, came from Germany during that period 

 when the two countries were joined together. It must, there- 

 fore, also be found in a fossil state in Germany, although as yet 

 it has nowhere been observed. If it ever was tamed, and thereby 

 in the course of time contributed to form some of the tame 

 races of cattle, it must have been the lesser large-growth, small- 

 horned, and often hornless race, which is to be found in the 

 mountains of Norway, and which has a high protuberance 

 between the setting-on of the horns above the nape. 



3. Dwarf Ox (Bos longifrons, Owen), figs. 6 & 7. 

 Fig. 6. 



Bos longifrons. 

 Gen. Char. The forehead flattened, with a prominent edge stand- 

 ing up along the middle, and a smaller indenting backward ; 

 the horns round, small, and directed outwardly upwards, and 

 bent in one direction forwards. 



Syn. Bos longifrons, Owen's History of British Fossil Mammals and Birds, 

 p. 508, fig. 211 (the forehead with horn-cores). 



are intermediate gradations in the convex rising of the occipital ridge and 

 the length of the pedicles of the horns, which affect the value of those cha- 

 racters as specific distinctions between the Bos longifrons and Bos frontos us. 

 The specimen (fig. 5) would seem to indicate that the typical characters as- 

 signed by the learned Scandinavian naturalist to his Bosfrontosus were simi- 

 larly modified or departed from in the specimens discovered in Scania. — Ed. 



