Bovine Animals of Scandinavia. 353 



cores near the roots 7 inches 1 line. Another I have measured, 

 whose breadth above the upper margin of the orbits was 7 inches 

 5 lines : this measured between the horns upward 5 inches 2 lines. 

 The length of the frontal bone 8 inches 4 lines. The horn-cores 

 are sometimes flat above, and rounded underneath. In a younger 

 specimen, probably a cow, the horn-cores are exceedingly small, 

 scarcely more than 3 inches long, and at the root 4 inches 2 lines 

 in circumference. This species is however always known by a 

 protuberance upon the upper part of the forehead in the front, 

 and an indenting behind. The usual dimensions of young speci- 

 mens are as follows : — 



Length of the skull from the edge of the nape to the front ft- "»• Hn. 



edge of the intermaxillary bones 14 



Length from the roots of the horns to the upper edge of orbits 3 4 



„ oforbits , 2 4 



„ from the orbit to the end of the maxillary bone 8 4 



„ of intermaxillary bone's front edge 10 



„ from the edge of the nape to the incision of the nasal 



bones 7 2 



Length of the horn-core's greatest curvature (behind) 4 



„ of the nasal bones 6 



„ of the row of molar teeth in the upper jaw 5 2 



„ of the under jaw 112 



„ „ „ to the back edge of the condyloid 



process in a line 116 



Breadth between the horn-cores upwards 5 



,, over the forehead's narrowest part about 5 4 



„ of the occipital condyles 9 3 2£ 



„ between the upper edges of the orbits nearly 7 



„ transversely over the centre 5 in. 6 lin., over the chin 4 5£ 



„ over the side projections of the nose 5 1 



,, over the nose ,. 2 6 



Height from the upper projection of the forehead to the base 



of the cranium .„... 5 5| 



Height from the upper projection of the forehead to the edge 



of the foram. magn 4 



Circumference of the horn-cores near the root 4 3 



The other parts of the Skeleton. — Atlas in form like that of 

 the tame ox ; the edges of the wings a little reflected, and behind 

 a little broader ; the posterior articular processes small, short ; the 

 knob of the upper arch large, thick ; of the under arch more 

 compressed over the back edge. Axis like that of the tame ox, 

 but the canal in process, odontoid, not so roundly excavated ; 

 the spinous process, spinos. has the front edge angular. The 

 rest of the skeleton most like that of the tame ox, but each bone, 

 in proportion to the length, is more slender and thin. Atlas : 

 the breadth over the wings 4 inches 5 lines, under the length of 

 the curve 1:3; axis about 3 inches. The length of shoulder- 

 blade 11:4, breadth 6:1; from cav. glen, to spin. 1 : 7 ; os hu- 



Ann. $ Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 2. Vol. iv. 24 



