with some Remarks on the Nature of the Spongise Marinse. 395 



positively do not exist. I have applied several of the same tests to it as 

 Dr. Grant tried on the Sea Sponges*, and with exactly the same results. I 

 have gently touched, raised up, and punctured with blunt and sharp instru- 

 ments, the delicate membrane, the terminal fibres, the jelly, and the edges of 

 the oscules : I have not only touched, but pierced them with a red-hot needle, 

 nipped and torn them with a forceps, and have conveyed drops of muriatic 

 acid both upon and into them, without the least success. So also M. Du- 

 trochetf assures us, that he could not perceive any sign of irritability in the 

 Lake Sponge, even when under the influence of stimuli. Yet, M. Dujardin 

 very recently observing pieces or small parcels of the latter species of Spon- 

 gilla, "se mouvoir sur le porte-objet du microscope, en ^mettant des expan- 

 sions arrondies et des prolongemens plus ou moins effil^s, comme les AmibesX ; 

 aussi quelques-unes de ces parcelles se mouvoir d'une autre mani^re, en agi- 

 tant des filamens tr^s longs d'une t^nuite extreme" (p. 7-), announced these 

 facts, " des expansions contractiles§ et des mouvemens de reptation," as suf- 

 ficiently demonstrating the animal nature of Sponges. But in this author's 

 paper, intitled "Observations sur les Eponges et en particulier sur la Spon- 

 gille ou Eponge d'eau douce" {Spongilla lacustris), and just published in 

 the "Annales des Sciences Naturelles," Seconde S^rie, tom.x. Zoologie, 1838, 

 I am unable to discover any single fact which can be brought forward as fully 

 proving the animality of either the Freshwater or the Sea Sponges || ; on the 

 contrary, I can find nothing but what may be equally advanced in favour of 

 their vegetability. 



* See Edinb. Phil. Journ., vol. xiii. p. .340. 



\ See Annales des Sciences Naturelles, torn. xv. pp. 210, 217. 



X This is the Infusorian Proteus. I was not aware that Dr. Ehrenberg had already bestowed the 

 new name of Amoeba on that genus when I proposed that of Thetis for it. See my short communication 

 in the Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. ii. N. S., p. 53. 



§ I have lately read in the " Revue Zoologique par la Soci^t^ Cuvierienne,' (Paris, 1838, No. 9, for 

 last September, p. 204,) that M. Laurent esteems, as M. Dujardin does, the Spongilla to be true ani- 

 mals endowed with slow contractile movements. 



II In the above-cited paper (p. 5.), M. Dujardin calls the Cliona celata a Spongiaire, which it cer- 

 tainly is not, because Dr. Grant has himself not only seen but has also described its extraordinarily 

 minute polypes. (See Edinb. New Phil. Journ. for 1826, p. 80 ; and Johnston's Brit. Zooph., p. 305.) 

 It is therefore a true Zoophyte, and what I may name, agreeably to the modern French nomenclature, 

 an Alcyonidiaire, being most allied to the genus Alcyonidium of Dr. Johnston. 



