188 Mr. W. 0. Priestley on some British species of Carex. 



swells slie revives likewise, and speedily becoming enlarged with 

 the juice imbibed, she lays some hundreds of eggs about her. 

 The bud meanwhile instead of growing in length becomes fleshy, 

 and this fleshiness is communicated to the leaves. The result 

 is an arrested bud, into the recesses of which, the young issuing 

 from the cluster of ova on the outside of it beneath betake them- 

 selves, and become soon closed in during the growth consequent 

 on the increased irritation occasioned by their presence in its 

 interior. 



From the statement of Linnseus one might infer that he was 

 acquainted with the process of their formation : " Corpus Abietis 

 in ipsis ramorum extremitatibus fragiforme, habet extus supra se 

 et inter squamas foliaceas imbricatas, in sinu squamarum, plurima 

 animalcula parva, e quorum ano quasi lana prominet. Juxta ba- 

 sin hujus corpusculi seu fragi observatur lana major in copia, in 

 qua mater minorum, quae caussat fragum." — Faun. Suec. p. 215. 

 no. 700. edit.l. 



As to the alleged diversity of the species produced by the small 

 rounded cones at the summit of twigs [Chermes coccineus, Ratz.), 

 and those from the larger, more fleshy, and more oblong galls 

 arising at the bases, or enveloped in the substance of shoots 

 (C viridis, Ratz.), the greater exposure to the sun is sufiicient to 

 give a deeper tint of colour as well as a more rapid evolution to 

 the inclosed inmates. The difi*erence assigned in the structure 

 of the wing- veins quite eludes my detection. 



Those arrested individuals that pass the winter on the branches 

 are perhaps the progeny of winged females, which are oviparous. 

 I observe, also, that winged females of two other species are in 

 like manner oviparous, viz. those of A. Laricis and A. corticalis. 

 M. Macquart had long since remarked this fact in regard to 

 A. Laricis y and felt persuaded that it was only the second gene- 

 ration whose winged females are in this condition. He consi- 

 dered it to be a Psylla, and being anomalous proposed to form 

 of it a new genus, which, not finding he had prefixed a name to, 

 MM.Amyotand Serville, in attempting to supply the oversight, 

 have called Cnaphalodes (Hemipt. 594, 595). The structure how- 

 ever of the larvae of Adelffes, as well as that of the mature insect, 

 indicates that it follows the type of the Coccidce rather than either 

 that of the Psyllida or Aphida. 



XVII. — Remarks on some British species o/ Carex. 

 By W. 0. Priestley, P.B.S.E.* 



Having been engaged studying the British Carices for some 



time past, and having made some observations which may be 



* Read before the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, June 13, 1850. 



