ECONOMIC. 109 



These renewals have necessarily entailed heavy expenses, and up to 

 the present time it is said that the expenditure in connection with the 

 opening out of the Warora colliery exceeds six lakhs of rupees. This is a 

 sum little short of the paid-up capital of three of the laro-e coal com- 

 panies in the Raniganj field, and is in excess of that of another. 

 Barakar Coal Association ... ... ... £ 15 000 



Birbhum Coal Company ... ... 72 000 



Equitable Coal Company ... ... ... }j so qoo 



Raniganj Coal Association ... .„ ... 87 500 



Bengal Coal Company ... ... ... 5j 220,000 



In the Warora pit, coal was reached 20th July 1873. Depth to top 

 of seam, 30 fathoms. 



The expenditure at Pisgaon has been about one lakh and a half. Coal 

 reached in the beginning of November 1873. Commenced November 

 1871. Depth to top of seam, 18 fathoms. 



In sinking the Ghrigus pit, no extra difficulty was experienced from 

 water. 



The area around the Warora pit appears to be a perfect filter bed 

 for the rain, which, instead of running off rapidly, sinks down and lodges 

 in the measures. This is due to the direction of the slope of the surface 

 its slight iuclination, and the absence of pronounced river drainage. 

 A moderate-sized stream is marked on the map east of the coal pit, but 

 none of the rain that falls west of the trunk road flows into it, the 

 road forming a north and south water-shed between the pit and the river. 



Section XIV. — Iron Ores. 

 Iron Ores. — In presence of the enormous and splendid accumulations 

 of iron ores beyond the field, and within moderately easy access of 

 Warora, the sources of iron ore within the field are scarcely deserving of 

 attention. I have already pointed out in detail in a contribution to the 

 Records of the survey in 1873, and in a memorandum on Mr. Ness' 

 report on iron manufacture in Chanda,* the most noted and most acces- 



* Gazette of India, Supplement, 1874, page 1861. 



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