86 CRETACEOUS HOCKS OF S. INDIA. [PaRT II. § 1. 



to a kind of irregxilar jointing, and are rarely or never those of bedding. A case of this kind 

 which I noticed in the bottom beds in the neighbourhood of Maravuttoor is illustrated in the 

 Fig. 8. Apparent unconformity near Maravuttoor. 



~V'.' ■/ y y-«^-f f^; 'f •J' ^- 



7iJf^!mn. 



Irregularity of beading at annexed figure. The beds, six feet of which were exposed in 

 Maravuttoor. the vertical bank of a nullah, were distinctly bedded shales, the 



laminae of which were quite horizontal. A solid mass of hard hofnogeneous marl, with a toler- 

 ably flat surface, ran across the nullah, as shown in the section (Fig. 8), and it was only after 

 close examination that I could convince myself that I had not a case of unconformity 

 to deal with. The mass showed no trace of bedding. In the neighbourhood of Ainaveram 

 I noticed in 1858 some large concretions, some of which contained Ammonites of 3 feet 

 and upwards in diameter. I was unable at the time to procure specimens of them, and 

 on returning to the spot at the commencement of the next working season they had all been 

 broken up by the Natives, and the land brought tinder cultivation, so that I am unable to speak 

 with certainty as to their species. 1 believe, however, that they were either A. Gautama, 

 Forbes, of which species specimens, upwards of 4 feet in diameter, are common elsewhere, 

 or else an Ammonite allied to A. Varuna, Forbes, which also attained a large size in the 

 Ootatoor beds. 



The higher beds which are well seen about Ainaveram contain runs of coarse 

 calcareous grit and sands. These are first met with a little to 



Higher beds at Ainaveram. ^j^g North-west of Garoodamungalum, whence they are easily 

 traceable to the North-east (the direction of their strike), gradually replacing the finer 

 beds, until a little to the North of Ainaveram the latter almost disappear. 



Further North similar beds come in successively lower and lower in the group, 



Change in mineral charac- replacing the clays and yellow shales, and this change in 

 ter of upper beds. mineral character is coincident with the entire disappearance of 



the characteristic faima of the latter beds ; the grits being either unfossiliferous, or characterised 

 by forms, which are in a great measure identical with those of the overlying Trichi beds ; the 

 mineral character of the two sets of beds is also identical. 



The two divisions of the group present theii- distinctive mineral and palaeontological 

 characters as far North as the high ground between the forks of the Murdayaur nullah, 

 where they begin to blend into each other, but even as far North as Coonum and Andoor, 

 conglomerates and grits are more prevalent in the upper part of the group, and each zone 

 is to a great extent characterised by peculiar fossils. 



Meanwhile to return to the lower beds. Bands of limestone first appear in these 

 beds i^lapping round ^ the coral-reef limestone to the North 



Limestone at Kauray. ^^ Kauray. I have already described (page 56) the conglome- 



ratic character of this limestone where it rests immediately on that of the coral reef. 

 Elsewhere it is a compact blue or yellow limestone, the former color being that of 

 the interior where the iron which it contains still exists in the form of a carbonate, 



