140 CRETACEOUS ROCKS OF S. INDIA. [PaRT II. § 1. 



of a Mcgalosaunis which, although not found attached to any bone, affords at least strong 

 presumptive evidence that the bones in question are the remains of the same animal. 



All the bones that I observed were isolated, and had possibly dropped off one by one, as 

 Bot.e3 of contemporaneous the carcass to which they were attached gradually decayed. 

 date. There seemed, however, no reason to believe that they had been 



derived fi-om any previously formed sedimentary rocks. The beds were not conglomeratic, and 

 the fine mud which filled the cavities in the bones, was of the same nature as the clay which 

 was intercalated in thin bands in the ossiferous sands. There seems no reason to doubt that 

 the Megalosaurus yvMch. in Europe is not known to range higher than the Wealden Group, lived 

 on, in the Indian area, to a period coeval with the extinction of Ammonites and Belemnites, and 

 Avith the first dawn of a Tertiary fauna.* 



The bone band is quite local. It may be traced for about a mile in the direction of Coothoor, 

 but is not much exposed beyond Cullmoad. To the North it 

 <xen o one e . speedily disappears beneath 'regur,' and is not again met with. 



A considerable series of deposits similar to the above extends to the Eastward, and is 

 exposed in the upper part of the nullah to the East of Cudoor ; 

 uccee ng e s. ^^^ ^^^ ^^^.^ gypsiferous, and all springs emerging from them 



are highly saline and bitter. They dip at fi'om 2° to 4° between E. N. E., and N. E., and 

 are quite uaafossiliferous. 



To the North of the watershed, and up to its very crest, a thick deposit of regur conceals 



TJnfossiliferouB zone in North the greater part of the beds I am describmg, and only their 

 of district. upper portion, having an out-crop of from 1 to 2 miles 



broad, is occasionally exposed on the Eastern border of this deposit. A mere enumeration 

 of some of the localities at which these are seen will be sufficient, as they afford but little 

 additional knowledge of this part of the group. 



White sands are seen to the East of MootoopoUiam, on the borders of the village tank. 

 Again in, and around the village of Sainthoray, green sandy clay and shales are exposed in some 

 wells, and also in the little miUah that runs down from Ninnyoor. Immediately to the North of 

 the latter village, a soft white sandstone appears in a small nullah, in the upper part of which 

 the higher fossiliferous beds are exposed, and similar sandstones, resting on greenish sandy 

 clays and shales, are seen in the broken ground to the North of the village. These sand- 

 stones are distinctly false-bedded, with a flaggy structure, and only half consolidated, crushing 

 readily under a slight blow. 



About a mile North-west of Yellakudiimboor, similar sandstones are seen in a little 

 drain cutting through an old tank bund, and between the same village and Chittadiaur the 

 flaggy white sandstones, frequently more or less stained by ferruginous infiltrations from the 

 surface, are indicated by numerous fragments scattered over the surface of the ground. This 

 is the farthest point North at which I have noticed these beds. They disappear finally beneath 

 the alluvium, and to the East and North-east the only Cretaceous rocks exposed ai-e those of 

 the higher fossiliferous zone, to which I now proceed. 



* It "will be seen in the sequel that no Ammonites are met with in the higher fossiliferous 

 beds, and the appearance of Nautilus Danicus, two or three species of Ovulum and a number 

 of others almost entirely different from those of the lower beds forces the conviction that 

 we have here deposits of a period not earlier than the INIasstricht beds of Western Europe. 



