Chap. VI.] surERFiciAL deposits and soils. 1-21 



or small accumulations of these^ in the different soils, and cotton soil is 

 so largely impregnated with it in some localities, that it almost loses its 

 distinctive character as ' Regur.'' Such a change is very well seen in the 

 Toriore taluq, where the village of Puttoor is situated on Llack, porous 

 cotton soilj Avhich becomes almost a marly soil half a mile to the north, from 

 the enonnous quantity of kunkur particles contained in it. The ordinary 

 'chunam' of the natives is made from the small nodular concretions. 

 The conglomeratic form of kunkur is not of very frequent occm'rence to 

 any large extent, but it may be well seen in the banks of the Thalooghay- 

 aur (river), a few miles south of the low ridge which forms the 

 junction between the KolymuUays and Patchamullays. Here for about 

 2 miles the banks consist of thick masses of conglomerate, in which 

 fragments of almost every variety of rock of the neighbourhood 

 may be detected. The conglomerate not unfrequently forms cliffs 

 running along the waterside at a very equal level, and presenting 

 the appearance of quays of artificial construction. Similar kunkur 

 quays may be seen on the banks of the Vellaur, a few miles 

 below where it issues from the Tainandamullay range and also 

 on the banks of the Pereya-aur to the west of Tummumputty, and 

 ag'ain between Luddawaddy and the junction with the EUayaur. A 

 breccia formed by kunkur is of much rarer occurrence ; an example of 

 it may be seen in the Conari river, near Runjenguddy Droog (Trichinopoly 

 district) ; and south of Caroor, small portions of the kunkur quays some- 

 times include nothing but angular fragments, and should in that case 

 be called breccias. Though not occurring in our area, we may instance 

 a very fine example of a true conglomerate which occurs at Bhowani, 

 near the junction of the river of that name with the Cauvery in the 

 Coimbatore district, where there is a deposit of kunkur in the bend of 

 the generally dry bed of the river enclosing pebbles and huge rounded 

 blocks of quartz and gneiss. In many places this cong'lomerate is 4 

 or 5 or more feet in thickness. Much more rare than the conglomerate 

 cliffs are cliffs of concretionary limestone formed by infiltration of cal- 

 Q ^ ('343) 



