PREFACE. 



Undeu instructions from tlie Superintendent of the Geo- 

 logical Survey of India, I arrived in the Punjab in the cold 

 weather of 1869-70, and commenced the examination of the 

 Salt Range Mountains. During the next season and part of 

 the one which followed I was entirely occupied with this work. 

 The fossil collections which I had from time to time for- 

 warded to head- quarters ultimately suggested a palseontologi- 

 cal examination of the strata in the field, and Dr. "W. Waagen, 

 then on the staff of the Geological Survey, was deputed to 

 carry this out. He reached the Salt Eange after the whole 

 of the region had been mapped, and after its various geolo- 

 gical groups had been arranged, according to their generally 

 well-marked petrological features. I accompanied him, and 

 we visited together several of the instructive sections. After 

 this, he, by himself, devoted many weeks to a close reconnois- 

 sance of the Range, noting various sections in detail, largely 

 increasing the fossil collections, and observing the demarca- 

 tion of the groups indicated by these fossils. 



This examination caused no alteration in the boundary 

 lines which I had drawn, nor in the general arrangement of 

 the groups, but it enabled the geological positions of cer- 

 tain highly fossiliferous formations, such as the triassic and 

 Jurassic, and the upper limits of the carboniferous, to be more 

 definitely established. It led to Dr. Waagen' s discovery of 

 (unique) carboniferous ammonites, and to his suggestion 



