2 WYNNE : GEOLOGY OF THE SALT EANGE IN THE PUNJAB. 



Since then much has been learned on this subject ; but it was not 

 Geological examina- ^11 a few years since that circumstances enabled 

 - *^°^- detailed examination to be made by the Geological 



Survey. The examination of the rocks was supplemented by an investi- 

 gation of the fossil-bearing strata in the field by Dr. W. Waagen. 



In carrying on the examination of the ground, I had the advantage 



of using one of the best published maps of any part 

 Map used. . . tt 



of India — one, indeed, rivalling those produced by 



Government in Great Britain — that of the Jhelum, Shahpur, and Leia 



tracts, constructed by Captain D. G. Robinson, R.E.,with his assistants^ 



and published on the scale of one inch to a mile. This scale is sufficiently 



large to permit an efiective representation of the salient features of the 



ground ; but the value of the map in this respect is somewhat impaired 



by the quantity and manner of the hill shading, which frequently 



exaggerates the depth of the smaller stream valleys. Yet the features 



are often so faithfully delineated that the stratigraphical structure of 



the ground (or consequences depending thereon) can be discerned by 



the '' ornament^^ upon the sheets. 



Geographically, the Salt Range* is situated in historic ground, 



one extremity resting upon the ancient Hydaspes 

 Geographical position. 



or Jbelum rivei-, the other on the Indus or Aba-sin 



(Father of waters), and its eastern extension overlooks the battle-field 



of Chilianwala,t marked by a memorial obelisk built of materials taken 



from the range. It extends from near 71° 30' east longitude to beyond 



73° 30', and the Cis-Indus portion of it lies wholly between the parallels 



of 32° 33' and 33° of north latitude, forming part of the Kohisidn or 



upland of the ^' Siud-Saugor Doab.''^ 



Its connection with the outer Himalayan hills is completely broken 



Relation with the through by the Jhelum valley, and its eastern 



outer Himalaya. ,. • t -n i • , ,i i ii i 



portion IS divided into three nearly parallel spurs 



* Or " Joocl mountains." Burnes, Jour. As. fcjoc. Bengal, Vul. I. 

 t Fought January 13th, 1849. 

 I '7 ^ 



