44 WYNNE : GEOLOGY OF THE SALT EANGE IN THE TVmilS, 



The latter at K^labagh is 1,070 feet in width from shore to shore; its 

 depth in the cold weather varies from 15 to 45 feet, the velocity of 

 the stream is 1*64 feet and the discharge 21,200 cubic feet per second.* 

 Its surface is a little over 681 feet above sea level. 



There is a wide open valley at the east side of the range, with 

 heights of over 1,100 and 1,200 feet, lying between Mount Tilla and 

 Bakrala ridges. It is traversed by both the Kahan and Bunhar rivers, 

 having no stream exclusively its own. A portion of this valley or 

 depression occupies a recess where the Biinhar river spreads before 

 escaping through the Find Sevfka gorge. This, the Choya-Saidan glen, 

 an open basin on the Nurpur plateau, and a small but deep coomb-like 

 depression beneath Vasnal, are the only glens of importance opening 

 northwards, all the rest being ravines or surface stream-courses, which 

 are more numerous than usual on account of the softness of the rocks 

 traversed. 



The whole southern face of the range is cut up by numberless 

 ravines and deeply penetrated by many precipitous excavations, eroded 

 to a depth of several hundred feet lower than the escarpment of the table- 

 lands. One of these gorges bifurcates at Makrach, where it may have a 

 depth of more than 1,000 feet. Another is the fine glen of Sardi (Sera or 

 Seriarik), apparently some 1,500 feet in depth, where its width is little 

 more than a mile, and even much narrower near its mouth, though equally 

 deep ; but the grandest chasm of all is that of the Nilawan, cut out of 

 the Nurpur plateau. This varies from a quarter of a mile to a mile 

 in breadth, and penetrates the range for a length of about 5 miles from 

 its narrow mouth. Its depth is unknown, but may be guessed at 1,500 

 to 1,700 feet. 



Other fine glens of the same character are — that leading south from 

 Pail, the Narsingphoar ravine, the Sanglewan not far to the west- 

 ward, the Jabi gorge from above Kavh^d, the glens of Vurcha, Amb, 



* From information kindly supplied by D. MeMordie, Esq., C.E., when, engaged 

 upon a projected canal from Marl southwards. 



( 44 ) 



