48 WYNNE : GEOLOGY OP THE SALT EANGE IN THE PUNJAB. 



otherwise more springs than one might be expected to occur, and its 

 unknown source can only be guessed at. 



There is another so-called salt spring in the same range at the 

 southern slope of Nili hill, where a somewhat strong variety of the usual 

 " Khdra pdni " of the country, charged with mixed salts, chiefly of soda, 

 issues in the bed of a rocky nala. 



Saturated brine springs occur on the right bank of the Bunhar 

 stream in the Ghoragali pass (near Diljaba mountain), just where it is 

 most narrow. The source is probably connected with the salt-marl. 



The brine spring of Kalar Kahar rises from a patch of this salt-marl 

 in an entirely abnormal and dislocated situation. 



The water of streams in the sandy and argillaceous rocks along the 

 north and easterly parts of the range frequently deposits the saline in- 

 crustation called " tur " or " hallar "* in considerable quantities. 



The hot and sulphurous springs of the Bakh ravine have been noticed 

 by almost every one who has visited the place ;t 

 indeed, the smell of sulphuretted hydrogen emitted 

 by them is sufficient to attract attention. They occur for some distance 

 from the entrance at both ends of this remarkable miniature canon, some 

 issuing strongly, others without force -, gas bubbles up, and the water, 

 which is covered by a thin film of gypsum, deposits a black tenacious 

 mud used by the natives as a dye for colouring cotton cloth.f The 

 sources are probably distant from the surface, and the springs do not 

 occur in one particular formation. 



Similar sulphurous springs, sometimes warm, occur here and there in 

 other parts of the range. Two of these close to the 

 Chota and Bara Kata brooks near Jaba (north side 



* Sulphate of soda and common salt ; Fleming, 1st Report, p. 525. 



t MS. notes by Dr. Waagen, &c., &c. 



X See ante^ Fleming, 2nd Report, p. 265 ; also Schlagintweit, in Chap. I. 



48 ) 



