PHYSICAL FEATURES. 53 



about Sakesar is a mass of contortions, fractured and disarranged in 

 places ; but the narrow part of the range, uniting this mountain with 

 the Tredian hills, is composed of highly inclined beds showing a strong 

 tendency to bend over to the south-west, excepting which this uniclinal 

 rido-e has no more indication of anticlinal continuity than the plateau 

 country to the east. 



In the Tredian hills intense plication again predominates, and the 

 Intense disturbance at the climax of disturbance is reached where the range 

 Indus. itself and nearly all of its characteristic forma- 



tions are lost among dislocations as the Indus is approached. 



All along the northern slopes, except where deranged by faulting, the 



disturbance, even where greatest, is regular and 

 Northern slopes. , , i t , . 



the northerly dip constant. 



The whole southern face of the range presents the most strangely 



broken and dislocated features, large portions of 



Southern slopes, ,,„ . , ^ • i-ii j 



the lofty escarpment having subsided and 



smaller land-slips taken place, until the slopes have become often crowded 

 with huge disconnected rock masses at all elevations, in all positions and 

 of nearly all the harder groups, the heterogeneous assemblage being fre- 

 quently overshot and obscured by debris. This much of the mountain 

 structure is, however, but the result of meteoric denudation assisted by 

 the perishable nature of the soluble salt and gypseous marl beneath. 

 Besides dislocations of this kind there are many true faults, which 



generally take directions oblique to that of the 

 Faults. . . . 



range : sometimes these coincide so strongly 



with marked physical features as to become suggestive of cause and effect. 

 Though not susceptible of any very systematic arrangement, there is 

 some parallelism between the fractures lying in courses from west 30° 

 to 35° north, also in another group bearing north-45°-east, the included 

 angle approximating to that at which the range suddenly bends north- 

 wards near Sakesar. Other faults assume nearly north and south or 

 east and west directions. 



( 53 ) 



