PHYSICAL FEATURES. 55 



Sforge, its throw having changed sides and the tertiary sandstones, &e., 

 being again brought against the salt-marl on the opposite side from that 

 which they occupy at the mouth of the Choya Valley. The fault is lost 

 in the red marl at Makrach, but another appears to start from the place 

 where it ends, running up the Malkana branch of this gorge to 

 the west-north-west, and terminating, or becoming no longer traceable, 

 at Kalar Kahar. Close to the latter place, and exactly in the line of 

 this fracture, the red salt-marl appears among the nummulitic lime- 

 stone beds. The throw of this great line of dislocation, it will be seen, 

 varies, changes sides, and in places amounts to nearly the whole thickness 

 of the eastern Salt Range rocks. 



. In the neighbourhood of Vasnal, on the northern side of the range, 



another complex group of faults encloses a hexa- 

 Vasndl. 



gonal patch of the red salt-marl surrounded by 



nummulitic limestone on all sides but one, and there by the overlying 



tertiary sandstones, &c. ; just a fragment of some of the lower rocks 



above the salt-marl appearing in connection with it. 



From this place two lines of fracture nearly at right angles seem to 

 start, one reaching to the head of the Nilawan ravine and bringing a 

 long strip of the tertiary sandstones, &c., against the underlying lime- 

 stane. The other appears to extend by Badrae to beyond Dheri, where 

 another complicated system of partly concealed- faults exposes the red 

 marl and some of the overlying rocks, 



Down in the bottom of the Nilawan ravine, crushing and faulting 

 again appears, as also in the glen leading from 



Nilawan, &C. -n •^ Tr i i i /> • • ^ 



Pail to Kutta, and another fracture coincides with 

 the glen of Nursingphoar. 



A long fracture, too, extends up the nearly straight Kavhad glen 



from near Jabi in a north-east direction, and meets 

 Kavhad, 



a series of faults at first bearing north-east south- 

 west, but afterwards taking a westerly direction along the cliffs near 



( 55 ) 



