64 WYNNE : GEOLOGY OF THE SALT EANGE IN THE PUNJAB. 



CHAPTER ITT. 



STRATIGEAPHIC GEOLOGY. 



The Salt Range and the neighbouring parts of the Himalaya are as 

 unlike in geological structure as adjacent regions containing several 

 of the same formations need well be. The Khasia hills,* eleven to 

 twelve hundred miles distant, occupy a somewhat analogous position 

 with regard to the great chain, yet notwithstanding the distance, the 

 geological section of that distant locality is not more dissimilar than that 

 of the nearer known Himalayan regions described by Mr. Medlicott,t 

 Dr. Stoliczka,J and others. § From the Salt Range to the Khasia hills, 

 the structure of the ground concealed by the Gangetic or other alluvium 

 is quite unknown, and in other directions, towards the peninsula of India, 

 so far as the country has undergone examination, its geology is equally 

 different from that of the Salt Range, so that the latter becomes unique 

 if its geological features do not extend westward and south-westward. 



The disparity with the Himalaya consists not so much in the absence 

 Disparity with Hima- ^^ formations common to both as in the relative 

 layan regions. character of those represented ; the deposits of each 



possess petrographic and palseontological characters peculiarly their own, 

 analogous to the distinctions marking the " Alpine^^ and " extra Alpine^'' 

 regions of continental palseontologists.|| 



Some eight fossil species are mentioned by M. de Vei'neuil as com- 

 mon to the carboniferous series both of the Himalaya and the Panjiib, 



* Mem. Geol. Survey, India, VoL I. 



,t Ibid, Vol. III. 



J Ibid, Vol. V. . . 



§ Ibid, Vol. IX. 



II This analogy was first suggested by remarks of the late lamented Dr. Stoliezka 

 made while examining a few of the Salt Range fossils I had collected, and the suggestion 

 seemed borne out by Dr. Wangen's field examinations in the Upper Panjab. 



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