STRATIGRAPHIC fSEOLOGY. 65 



and these include some of the Salt Range formsi'^ but with this exception. 

 Dr. Waagen's acquaintance with scattered Upper Punjab Himalayan 

 localities tended to show that the fossils of their formations, other than 

 carboniferous, compared with the Salt Range, possessed facies as distinct 

 as the petrological characters of the rocks which contained them.f 

 The latter distinction, too, varies in degree, the rocks older than Num- 

 mulitic being least similar in each region ; the nummulitics, though 

 distinguishable, approximating, and the overlying tertiary sandstones 

 and clays being most alike ; indeed, they belong to the same great 

 series,! in contact at either side with the inferior rocks of both regions, 



^ock Groups. — For the sake o£ conveying a comprehensive view of 

 the various groups and their distribution, I annex a diagram, PL IX, 

 in which their lateral extensions are shown to scale, and give a short 

 reference to each before describing them more fully. They are naturally 

 divisible into groups, thus : — 



No. 1. — The lowest is the gypseous red salt marl with rock-salt. 



No. 3. — The group which succeeds is less constant than the last, 

 but its massive purple sandstones are prominently seen 

 in the southern sections. 



No. 3. — Overlying No. 2 is a zone of softer nature and darker 

 colour, black to dark gray argillaceous beds, with harder 

 bands. It divides and dies out to the westward, and it 

 contains the oldest fossils met with — Silurian. 



* Since the above was written, a specimen of Productus Sumholdtii, D'Orb , has been 

 found erratic at the northern base of some hills south of and close to Hassan Abdal by 

 Mr, R. Lydekker. This is a Salt Range species, and may indicate the occurrence of a repre- 

 sentative of the Salt Range carboniferous group among the outer Himalayan hills much 

 nearer than the great ranges of the Himalaya beyond the Kashmir valley. How far the simi- 

 larity of the group to the Salt Range carboniferous may extend, remains to be discovered. 



•j" The difference between the nummulitic fossils of the Sub-Himalyas (Sabathu) and 

 the Salt Range was long since pointed out by D'Archiac and Haime, and mentioned in 

 Mr. Medlicott's Sub-Himalayan Memoir. 



X Southward, in Kach and Lower Sind, the marine tertiary beds, newer than the 

 nummulitic, are entirely different from these. — Mem. Geol. Surv. Ind., Vol. IX, pt. 1. 



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