CARBONIFEUOUS. *^'' 



the carboniferous species^ occur iu much the g'rcalest aljumhincc in 

 the triassic group. 



But a stranger fact even than that alluded to has been already 

 Discovery of Ammon- noticed, namely, the discovery by Dr. Waagen, at 

 ''^*- a place about a mile north o£ Jabi, in a laud- 



slipped mass, of the carboniferous limestone (belonging to the lower 

 portion of its upper part) of an unquestionable but altogether unique 

 Ammonite, or, as he has called this form, I'hylloceras, associated with 

 Goniatites, Ceratites, Athyris Roi/ssii, several well-known species of 

 Producius, Terebratula Hitnalayensis, Feneslella, and other carboniferous 

 fossils. In the prog-ress of the survey, several Goniatites and nodose 

 Ceratites, closely resembling Ammonites in exterior form, were collected ; 

 but here at least a genuine one was found, the oldest known occurrence 

 of that genus.* 



The magnesian portions of the limestones are, as Dr. Fleming* says^, 



generally interbedded, and where they cross the 

 Magnesian beds. . . i • p i 



stratificationf all the relations or the rocks are 



obscure. The magnesian rocks are in places not wholly unfossili- 



ferous, Echinoid spines, and parts of a few other fossils, often corals 



of silicious composition, weathering out from the surface. 



The carloniferous formation commences in the fine cliffs on the west 

 side of the Nilawan ravine, helow the beds 



Commencement and 

 development of the form- recorded as carboniferous in that locality by 



Dr. Fleming and Mr. Theobald. The rocks here 



are coarse, light-coloured, yellowish-grey and greenish sandstones with 



coaly laminse and a band of sandy calcareous shales. The sandstones 



contain 'Frodiictus sphiosus, and the whole group, having a thickness of 



sixty or seventy feet, immediately succeeds the lavender clays, &c., of 



the group below. From this westward the carboniferous beds are much 



* See Mem. Geol. Sur., Vol. IX, pt. 2. 



t This vertical arrangement of magnesian portions of carboniferous beds often 

 occurs in Ireland. 



( 95 ) 



