lOH WYNNE: GEOLOGY OF THE SALT EA.NGE IN THE PUNJAB, 



The petroleum which rises from the nummulitic rocks will be noticed 

 hereafter. 



Teetiary Sandstones, Clays, &c. 



Wos. 12, 13, 14, 15. — Everywhere from one end of the range to the 



other, and always on its northern and eastern as- 

 General description. 



pects, the uppermost rocks of the Salt Kange series 



are innumerable alternations of grey or greenish sandstones, of no great 

 hardness, with red or light-brownish orange clays, more rarely with con- 

 glomerates, but frequently with harder fine-grained sandy beds of pecu- 

 liar concretionary pseudo-conglomeratic structure. The enclosed con- 

 cretions are of hardened, sometimes calcareous clay, of purple and yellow 

 colour, in a somewhat calcareous matrix, and give the rock the appear- 

 ance of a gravelly conglomerate. The alternating bands of sandstone 

 and clay are from seventy to a hundred and twenty feet in thickness, 

 being very frequently about a hundred feet each, but some zones are 

 much thicker. 



■ Mr. Medlicott, at page 91 of his Himalayan Report, remarks that all 

 these sandstones, &c., rest upon a denuded surface 



Supposed unconformity. 



of Salt Range immmiditic limestone; and this 



is supported by an observation in his paper on the Jamu country,'^ but 

 without the confirmation that any denuded surfaces of the limestone had 

 been observed ; hence, the existence here of an important break in the 

 series depends entirely upon the occurrence of an intervening conglo- 

 meratic layer " made up of water- worn pebbles of the limestone and its 

 flints.^'t 



* Rec. Geol. Snrv., India, Vol. IX, p. 49. 



t Ihid, p. 55. Many of these fragments have the forms of concretions, and none of 

 any other than nummulitic rocks appear to occur amongst them. Almost immediately above 

 the nummulitic limestone, or within 15 feet of it, a pseudo-conglomerate layer, such as is 

 described in the preceding paragraph, contains small chert pebbles and some also of crys- 

 talline rocks. It occurs on the hills above Fadiala close to where the limestone conglo- 

 meratic bed is seen. This limestone conglomerate appears to belong more to the limestone 

 beneath than to the overlying sandstones, &c. 



( 108 ) 



