SIWALIK. Ill 



Nummulites and Alveolina, together with some fragments of purple 

 tertiary pseudo-conglomerate ; thus the vertical effect of the erosion 

 which produced the pebbles appears to have been limited to the num- 

 mulitic and overlying beds. The remainder of the pebbles were chiefly 

 of purple and grey quartzite^ quartz^ red syenite^ and earthy ferruginous 

 rock. 



The grey sandstones and orange or drab elays continue to occupy the 

 surface for a long distance from the Salt Range into the Potwar plateau, 

 and they are also observable between the eastern spurs of the range. 

 With the red and grey bed below they have been taken to form the 

 lower sub-division of the Siwalik group in this country, that con- 

 taining the greatest quantity of the fossil bones, for which this group 

 has become specially famous. 



Upper Siwalih, No. 14. — ■Resting conformably upon the grey and 

 brown or orange beds, and passing into these, is a strong group of con- 

 glomerates and boulder beds sometimes consolidated, but often so friable 

 as to have weathered down, covering the ground with their hard, mostly 

 quartzitic blocks, and concealing their own outcrop. 



The group has often a muck greater thickness than in the vicinity 

 of the Salt Range, but wherever its conglomerates are found in situ 

 they are unmistakeable. If a local name were wanted for this group, it 

 might be found in the word " Chainchal," commonly applied by the 

 natives to its debris, from the hard pebbles of which the road metal for 

 the neighbouring parts of the Grand Trunk Road is obtained. Such con- 

 glomerates as these might be expected to have a more or less local 

 distribution, and they appear to be in places represented by a great 

 accumulation of drab and pink clays on about the same horizon ; those, 

 for instance, of the Kharian hills,* or near the village of Bakrala south 

 of the ridge of the same name. Bones, generally worn and rounded, 

 are also sometimes found in the conglomerate group, which with some 



* Mr. Medlicott, Records of the Geological Survey, Vol. IX, Part 2. 



( 111 ) 



