114 WYNNE : GEOLOGY OF THE SALT RANGE IN THE PUNJAB, 



the appearance of the conformable Siwahk conglomerate group. In this 

 way I found it difficult to account for the masses of pebbles resting 

 unconformably on the edges of the Siwalik sandstone at the Rotas gorge^ 

 except on the supposition that the beds had been recomposed. Far away 

 to the west at the village of Namal, these unconformable beds are again 

 seen and without the accompaniment of Siwalik conglomerate in the 

 immediate vicinity. The deposit near Rotas is at about 1^000 feet of 

 elevation above the sea ; the Namal pebble beds may be situated 100 

 feet higher, but there is a very similar deposit of boulder beds (that 

 mentioned by Mr. Theobald in his paper on the Salt Range, p. 672), on 

 the Son plateau of the Salt Range near Nowshera at a height of over 

 3,500, or even 2,700 feet. 



Besides the ordinary alluvium of the Rivers Jhelum and Indus, there 

 are in the eastern parts of this district masses of 

 superficial deposits much resembling the river allu- 

 vium, but, very rarely, containing fragments of the local rocks and often 

 fairly stratified, the stratification being nearly horizontal. As the coun- 

 try is so much occupied by soft, easily abraded rocks, these fine deposits 

 are very probably the waste of the tertiary sand- 

 stone and clay beds. They frequently contain 

 kunkur, but 5o not resemble alluvial flats either in position, form, or 

 elevation. The very convenient term loess has been applied to them, and 

 the idea was suggested that such deposits might resemble those described 

 by Richthofen as accumulations formed only by wind. The occasional 

 erratic pebbles enclosed showed this view to be untenable. 



The flanks of the hills near Khyrabad towards the Indus are 



covered with a mass of boulder and clay debris, sometimes gypseous, which 



I would assign to the post-tertiary sub-division ; and close to Mari on the 



outer side of the hills^ grey and reddish -yellow sands and clays form 



banks sloping towards the plains from their foot« 

 Boulder clays. ^ ^ i , i t i 



These may either have been formed by the Indus 



floods, or may belong to the post-tertiary group, 



( 114 ) 



