POST-TERTIARY. 115 



The vevy strongly marked boulder-zoue along tlie southern foot of 

 the range (absent where the sands and clays just mentioned occur), 

 is evidently due to the action of swollen torrents 

 Boulder-zone. bearing down boulders from the hills. This zone has 



a varying width, generally greater where the number or size of the 

 mountain streams is largest, and the fragments are, of course, those of 

 the hardest varieties of the Salt Range rocks. 



It may commonly be observed that the streams from the hills cross- 

 ing this zone terminate about the commencement of the finer alluvium, 

 as if this covered a stratum of the coarser debris 



Termination of south- .y ii-iji j /i •j'ji 



em streams. through which the Water (when any exists m the 



channels) would be enabled to percolate more 

 readily under ground than to find a way for itself across the slightly 

 inclined or level plain. Unless this is the case, it seems almost unaccount- 

 able that the streams should not in many cases be able to reach the 

 Jhelum river, only eight to twelve miles distant from the range, while 

 several of them come from far behind the general escarpment. 



On the north side of the range the most recent accumulations are 



usually either rain-wash, sandv mud, or clean svey 

 North side of range. "' •' ■> >^ j 



sand ; and the ground would appear to have been 

 once less rugged, small, perched, isolated, remains of nearly level surfaces 

 occurring here and there among the rain-worn ' Muddera,' which presents 

 throughout a most powerful example of the action of rain water. 



In the lower portion of these ' hhuddera ' streams, where their beds 



are wide and sandy, gold is sometimes washed for 



Auriferous sands, &c. ^^^^^ ^^^^^ . ^j^^ ^j^^^^ pointed out to me have been 



usually freshly formed banks, of coarse material, and the yield was said 

 to average from two to four annas a day per man. Close to the range, 

 however, it does not seem to be at all a thriving industrial pursuit. The 

 tools, method of cradling, and treatment of the results with mercury, are 

 fully detailed in Dr. Fleming's report at page 355. 



( 115 ) 



