120 WYNNE : GEOLOGY OF THE SALT RANGE IN THE PUNJAB. 



respectively^ at either end of this pass. Out in the plains to the north; 

 the dips become lower, and sometimes in a contrary direction, showing 

 undulation of the beds } while on the Bakrala side they rise to vertical, 

 having been apparently sharply folded and cut off by a fault along the 

 base of the ridge. The rocks are grey and purplish sandstones, and red 

 shales or clays, pseudo-conglomerates, and lumpy, 

 slightly calcareous argillaceous bands, micaceous, 

 grey and purplish soft shaly sandstones. These beds frequently contain 

 a few indefinite plant impressions;* they all belong to the tertiary sand- 

 stone and clay group, and are chiefly remarkable for bearing a greater 

 resemblance to '^ the Murree" beds than has been found to exist to the 

 westward along the northern flanks of the Salt Range, in which region 

 they do not seem to have existed. 



This resemblance to the Murree beds is only to be observed along the 

 ridge itself and among its lower beds ( {a) of fig. 6, Plate X, {b) being 

 Lower Siwaliks) . But in the lower ground on both sides grey sandstones 

 and brownish orange clays prevail, a zone of red clays with some sand- 

 stone beds dividing the two, or belonging more to the upper group. The 

 brown or drab clays predominate just to the southward of the fault 

 between the ridge and the village of Bakrdla, and extend thence the 

 whole way to the stream (a tributary of the Kaban) crossed here by the 

 Trunk E-oad ; they belong to the Upper Siwalik group, being the form 

 which it assumes when conglomerates are few or absent. The anticlinal 

 structure still characterises the ridge westwards, but is by no means 

 regular, the beds being afiected by many subordinate contortions. 



At a distance of about three miles south-by-west from the village 

 of Bakrala, and quite on the southern side of the ridge, some nummulitic 



* A small fragment of bone was found in these beds above the road on the south- 

 eastern side of the pass by Major M. Gr. Clerk of the N. S. Kailway. Since this 

 was obtained I have found a few remains of mammalian teeth and bones higher 

 up on the ridge, and again within two miles to the south.west among the hai'der purple 

 beds, 



( 120 ) 



