122 WYNNE : GEOLOGY 01 THE SALT RANGE IN THE PUNJAB, 



Kalra.^ The occurrence of this spring is very probably connected 

 with the faulting which has allowed the nummulitic limestone to appear ; 

 and the sulphur may perhaps be taken up by the water from the 

 pyritous shales which usually underlie this rock, although they do not 

 appear in their ordinary place above the hsematite nearer Domeli. 

 Further to the south-west the ridge maintains very much the same 

 character, lower angles of inclination being observed on its northern 

 side, and higher ones to the southward ; the beds also on each side are 

 softer than those of which the ridge itself is composed, and more 

 level ground than the " Khuddera " along the hill-foot has formerly 

 existed, as is shown by numerous patches of the older surface not 

 removed by denudation. 



The country on each side of the ridge, particularly to the south, 

 is covered by immense deposits, chiefly of clay. 



Country on each side. 



the results of atmospheric denudation ; but the 



numerous ravines, streams, and higher parts of the ground occasionally 



expose the soft Lower Siwalik beds of the tertiary series. 



Where the Bunhdr river cuts through this Bakrala ridge at the 



gorge of Ghoragali, the rocks have suffered more 

 Ghoragali. mi • i 



than usual disturbance and fracture. Thick, soft 



grey sandstones with occasional pebbles are seen beneath the superficial 

 deposits in the river banks at a mile or so from the northern entrance 

 to the gorges, dipping to the west-by-north at 10° ; these are faulted 

 against greenish and brown sandstones and drab or reddish clays, which 

 are folded, vertical, and compressed, and brought by another fault against 

 a strong vertical rib of whitish nummulitic limestone ; the latter runs 

 up the right side of the gorge, widening, as it goes, to join the limestone 

 patch capping Diljaba mountain. At a little distance on the left side 

 of the gorge this rib of limestone is cut out by other fractures, and dis- 

 appears. Close to the limestone, on its southern side, the grey sand- 

 stones and red clays are much crushed, dipping towards it at 45° and 



* This spring is described under the heading " Springs," Part 1, p. 47. 

 ( 122 ) 



