130 WYNNE : GEOLOGY OF THE SALT EANGE IN THE PUNJAB. 



of silicious fossil exogenous wood, a narrow zone of nummulitic lime- 

 stone being just traceable beneath it. These upper beds turn down- 

 wards on the steep north-western mountain slope and the red earthy 

 zone, and softer sandstones with brownish clays occupy the lowest 

 ground in this direction, which is, however, much cut up by Tclmddera, 

 and ravines, and rendered more rugged than it would otherwise be 

 by reason of the steep angles at which the beds pass downwards. 



At the western end of the riijge all the beds are sud!flenly bent down 

 Curve at west end of and locally faulted or fractured, describing in 

 ^^ ^^' plan the half of a semicircular arch with a radius 



of more than two miles, the other half being apparently cut off by the 

 Pind-Sevika portion of the Tilla fault. This arrangement of the beds 

 is well shown by the topographical ornament upon the one-inch map, 

 and the tertiary beds roll over to so great a degree that they often lose 

 their outward inclination and sometimes appear to dip towards the 

 hill. With this structure it is difficult to conceive much internal or local 

 contortion of the beds, and in the absence thereof, this portion of the 

 tertiary sandstones and clays, including the Nahan beds, must have a 

 thickness of fully a mile and a half, or seven thousand nine hundred and 

 twenty feet. 



Here and along the north-western base of Mount Tilla the patches of 



ancient flat surfaces before alluded to are not un- 

 Remnants of old plains. 



common, and masses or recent conglomerate appear 



to have once filled the gorge at Pind-Sevika. Between this place, also, 

 and Ghoragali Pass, the Siwalik beds appear to be 

 auriferous, gold being found in the sand of the 



Bunhdr river, but not in larger quantity than usual. 



With the exception of one group, the " olive group,^' or " cretaceous," 



and some shales below the nummulitic limestone, it will be seen that 



Mount Tilla forms an epitome of the whole of the 



stratigraphic geology of the Eastern Salt Range. 



( 130 ) 



