CHAMBAL MOUNTAIN, EAST. 135 



angles of 40°, 50°, and 55° to the south,* and form most rug-ged hilly 

 ground. Up the stream from this town the steady southerly dip of 35° 

 and 40° does not long continue, the beds soon commence to undulate and 

 are crossed by a line of intense crushing and faulting : for a width of one 

 hundred yards the rocks are much mixed, fragmentary portions of 

 different groups being brought together, squeezed, slipped, and wedged 

 in amongst each other, the most prominent being the purple sand- 

 stone and marls and gypsum of the salt series ; and the softer ter- 

 tiary clays show saline efflorescence. This line of crushing and fault, 



^ , . bearing south-west, crosses from the southern 



Faulting. 



end of the Chambal scarp, so as to cut off the 

 Mangaldeo end of the Jut^na scarp and bring the older rocks against 

 the tertiary beds, close to a temple above the village of Dheri. 

 Eight or ten other faults occur in the vicinity of the " divide '^ or 

 watershed between the Bunhar and Jhelum rivers here, nearly all of 

 them bringing groups of most dissimilar situation in the series into 

 contact. 



The Kharian or Pabbi ridge on the south bank of the Jhelum, form- 

 ing a sort of continuation of the Chambal hills, 



Kharian hills. . . . „ 



IS prmcipally composed of the soft Upper Siwalik 

 beds, and, receding from the stream where crossed by the Grand Trunk 

 Continuation of Cham- I^-oad, is laid open by the deep cuttings for the 

 ^^^' Northern State Railway. The sandstones are all 



of soft texture, but are harder inside, and both these and the thick bands 

 of warm orange or light brownish red clay crumble away and wear into 

 deep ruts under the action of the rain, though " so tough and coherent as 

 to have required blasting in making the cuttings.^^ The beds form a 

 low open anticlinal arch. 



* The neighbourhood of Jalalpur seems to have furnished some good i-eptilian and 

 other fossils during the survey of Dr. Fleming, &c. Although sought for, these highly 

 fossiliferous teds have escaped my notice. 



( 135 ) 



