JALALPUR TO JUTANA. 141 



broken range of hills, some five hundred feet above the plateau, just 



before these beds turn downwards into the vallev 



Silicified wood. -^ 



of the Bunhar. Frag-ments of silicified wood 



frequently occur here in the lower g-reenish beds of this series. 



The boundary lines of the various groups in this vicinity being 

 decided almost entirely by erosion, run most irregularly^ forming contours 

 of the ground ; patches of the newer beds are left outlying upon those 

 below, and wide or narrow portions of the red flags and shales appear 

 where the nummulitie and overlying beds have been removed. The 

 ^ , , boundaries are also sometimes affected by faults 



Boundaries. ^ ■' 



Olive group. bearing north -by- west. Over this region too, 



the olive or brownish sandstones and conglomerates (with crystalline 

 pebbles) of tbe " olive group " are to be found, though not always 

 exposed, the group being apparently very thin. To the south-west of 

 Ara village, the white earthy sandstone at the base of the nummulitie 

 series, accompanied by purple and white variegated clays in its upper 

 part, has a thickness of 23 feet. The sandstone is very soft, its earthy 

 ingredient whitening the fingers ; and the variegated shale or clay above 

 it possibly represents the hsematitic clay so frequently seen near the base 

 of the nummulitie series in other places. 



A deep narrow coomb or glen'^ is cut back from the escarpment east- 

 ward of Jutana, and seems to coincide with an 

 Jutana 'Kas.' 



east-by -north rault, the rocks on the southern 



side having sunk considerably. The groups from the red marl upwards 

 to the top of the magnesian sandstone, and part of the group above, 

 are seen here; and here also, in an old mine, is the most easterly 

 Most easterly salt known exposure of salt-rock in the range, a bed 

 ^^°^"- of bad salt with large crystals of pure salt em- 



bedded in it. t 



* Such a steep-sided ravine as is elsewhere called a ' khad ' (khud), is here spoken of 

 as a 'kas ' (kuss), a word very generally used in the Upper Punjab. 

 t Dr. Warth's Eeport, page 181, 1872. 



( 141 ) 



