174 WYNNE : GEOLOGY OF THE SALT EANGE IN THE PUNJAB. 



Gamthala glen, and it extends for two miles up the Kharddr branch. 

 The marl, as usual, is gypseous ; its upper portion towards the mouth of 

 the gorge, under Nila cliffs, presents some of the most distinct stratifi- 

 cation to be found in the group ; the gypseous interlaminations, to which 

 the stratified appearance is due, dip, like the rest of the cliff, to the 

 south-east at 35° to 40°. 



Large salt-mines were once opened in this Makrach glen, but 



have long since been closed, the miners working 



Mines. ^ ' ^ 



now at Khewra. It appears from Dr. Warth's"^ 

 report that, west of the miners' old village, there is a band of salt, 

 150 feet tbick, including several small layers of marl, the whole 

 dipping at a high angle to the north. At another mine, to the south- 

 west of the old village, the salt beds are thinner, an upper one being 

 twelve feet thick, and consisting of a mixture of white granular salt and 

 two-inch cubes. An old mine is also said to exist in the Gamthala 

 gorge, but none are known in the Kharder branch. It will be seen 

 from this that, while the general situation of the salt is much the 

 same, its section cannot be closely identified with that of the Khewra set 

 of beds. 



The great eastern fault of the range bends here, or two faults 



meet, one coming down each branch of the glen. 



Faults. . . . 



The dislocation caused by these faults is every- 

 where irregular. Its effects in the Gamthala glen will be seen in the 

 section, fig. 20, Plate XVI ; but in the Kharder ravine the only result 

 seems to be that the strata to the south-west are left at a rather higher 

 level than those on the opposite side of the glen ; while higher up, 

 about Kharder itself, the beds on both sides being of the same lime- 

 stone, there is little or no apparent " heave " on one side or the 

 other. 



The fractures, which have allowed some of the tertiary sandstones 

 to subside among the limestones and other beds of the north-eastern 



* Report, 1871, page 212. 



( 174 ) 



