1 84 WYNNE : GEOLOGY OF THE SALT RANGE IN THE PUNjXb. 



The remainder of the lower tertiary sandstones in the vicinity are of 



the usual kind^ intercalated with red shales or clays, and the " red clay 



zone^^ passes just north of the lake, holding its east and west course 



along the northern flanks of the hills. Some coal 

 So called coal. . 



has been mentioned as occurrmg at a place called 



Nurwa, north of Kalar-Kahar. This is in the overlying thick, grey, 



sandstones and orange clays, the coal being merely a few strings of 



lie-nite, the fossilized remains of trees or branches, and of no economic 



value, occurring at the base of a thick band of sandstones. 



The Kalar-Kahar lake has a very small catchment area, receiving 



the surface-water of the hill-slope to the south- 

 Kalar-KaMr lake. <i ii , 



ward, and very little more ; a considerable stream 



with which it is not connected passes close by to the north-east, and 

 another within a mile to the westward. The lake would seem, therefore, 

 to be principally supplied by springs, both fresh and salt, the water 

 from which accumulates in a nearly circular sheet, a mile in diameter, 

 but of only two or three feet in depth, or perhaps four when full. 



In dry weather, the water almost all evaporates, leaving deep black 

 mud covered by a thin saline incrustation. The odour from this mud 

 poisons the air in the vicinity, and, as might be expected, fever is said to 

 be then very rife in the adjacent village. 



The salt naturally formed here is impure, of the kind called ' halar ' 

 by the natives. Five hundred grains of the lake 



T4-Q CQll^g 



water, according to Dr. Fleming (/. c. p. 250), 

 contain 14"97 grains of saline matter, consisting of sulphate of soda and 

 cblorides of sodium and magnesium, with a trace of chloride of calcium. 



IX. — NtrRPuR Plateau. 

 This plateau, about twelve miles long by ten broad, presents some 

 variety of structure, the tertiary sandstones over- 

 Area j structure. \fm^ a large part of it, as well as being brought 

 into faulted contact, with the limestone beds of the plateau. Faults also 

 ( 184 ) 



