NljRPUR PLATEAU. 185 



have caused the re-appearance of the salt-marl iu situations as unusual as 

 at Kalar-Kahar. 



Like other plateaux of the range, the surface undulates much, the 



northern side being the highest by from 400 to 

 Tertiary sandstones. 



500 feet. Everywhere, along the northern side, 



the tertiary sandstones and clays rise upon the flanks of the hills at 



angles of 30° and 25°, the lower greenish beds having a calculated 



thickness of 2,500 or 2,600 feet. The red clayey zone still maintains 



its place along the hill-foot, having very much its normal thickness of 



about 1,250 feet. 



The softer grey sandstones, and drab or orange clays, overlie these, 

 and form the lower ground of the Potwar country. To the north- 

 east, in the vicinity of Kalar-Kahar, the lower beds of the sandstone 

 series rise upon the northern sloping edge of the plateau, and becoming 

 horizontal extend to the southward, occupying a broad, open and nearly 

 circular basin, one part of the edge of which impinges upon the western 

 cliffs of Sardi gorge. 



A rough contour-line from this spot marks the boundary of the 

 sandstone basin, the whole of which is occupied by good soil, the waste of 

 these tertiary sandstones and clays, supplemented by rain-wash off the 

 limestone, which rises out from beneath them. At the northern side of 

 the basin the sandstones contain small fragments of bone particularly 

 in pseudo-conglomeratic layers ; and many of the beds are covered by 

 patches of white saline efflorescence [kalar], which collects along the 

 smaller streams in sufficient quantities to be gathered unmixed with the 

 sand and earth. 



A long narrow strip of the tertiary sandstones, 60 to 150 feet in 



thickness, is let down below the level of the ad- 

 Saheti fault, 



joining limestone by a north-west fault from 



the head of the Nilawan ravine, passing by Saheti and to the 



southward of VasnaL Other denuded outlying masses of these 



rocks, once doubtless continuous with the faulted portion, overlie 



z ( 1S5 ) 



