186 WYNNE : GEOLOGY OF THE SALT RANGE IN THE PUNjIb. 



the nummulitic limestone westward of the Nilawaa ravine and just 

 above its chffs*. Near Bhal, almost the very lowest of these beds 

 are red clays, above which bone-fragments occur in the sandstones. 

 The rest of the plateau is mainly occupied by the nummulitic limestone, 

 generally compact, sometimes cherty, and sometimes, as near Vasnal, 

 of a pinkish colour, with red veins. The lower beds are, as usual, 

 nodular, marly, and lumpy. The fossils have a general similarity 

 to those of more easterly situations, but occasionally occur in larger 

 variety and somewhat better preservation, as at the edge of the cliffs 

 overlooking the north-east corner of the Nilawan ravine, where several 

 large CyprcRORy Echinoderms and other forms are found. From four 

 to five hundred feet may be allowed for the average thicknes of the 

 Thickness of nummu- ^^ummulitic limestone on the eastern half of the 

 litic limestone. plateau, its thickness increasing, however, to the 



westward. 



The long, narrow, flat valley, in which the village of Sar ( or Surr ) 

 is situated, coincides in direction with the Saheti 

 fault. It is occupied by cultivated ground and 

 bounded by broken outcrops of the limestone ; but, from the appearance 

 of some reddish sandstone beds in its northern cliffs, it appears very 

 probable that the limestone has been denuded, the floor of the valley 

 being termed by the sandstones of group No. 5. 



The lofty cliffed escarpment which bounds the Niirpur plateau to the 

 „ ^1 , n south is very complicated ground, owing to the 



Southern edge oi ./ j. o ^ o 



plateau and cliffs. huge dislocation and irregular and unequal sub- 



sidences which have taken place. It is only here and there, at the heads 

 of valleys, that the cliff which rises above the broken ground is of 

 sufficient magnitude to give sections through the whole series, and it 



* In one of Dr. Fleming's sections, tertiary sandstone outliers are shown upon both 

 sides of this ravine. Although I crossed the ground where the eastern patch is marked, it 

 may have escaped observation from darkness, and some fields there may be formed of its 

 debris ; nor could I see this outlier from higher ground in the neighbourhood commanding 

 the place. 



( 1B6 ) 



