198 WYNNE : GEOLOGY OP THE SALT RANGE IN THE PUNJAB. 



in a recognisable state. The lower part of the nummulitic limestone 

 is as usual nodular and lumpy, and among its upper beds about Vasnal 

 village are some peculiar, vesicular, ferruginous, and slaggy-looking 

 layers ; pink, compact, and red-veined limestone bands also occur. 



The nummulitic limestone on the north-western side of the little 

 valley is quite cut out, under Tirwar peak at the mouth of the glen, by 

 one or other of the faults between which this limestone occurs, and the 

 beddiog both here and along the face of the peak is much disturbed, 

 being in places quite vertical. The tertiary sandstones outside are in- 

 clined sharply along the fault, but at a little distance assume their usual 

 low northerly dip ; the lower part of this group being as usual succeeded 

 by the red clay zone and other overlying beds. 



Towards Jaba to the west-south-west, the dip of the tertiary sand- 

 stones is low, becoming more nearly horizontal 



"'^ ^ ^ ^ as the table-land about Pail is reached. The slop- 



ing beds rise to this table-land forming a well marked escarpment north- 

 wards, overlooking the limestone ground. The basal sandstones are very 

 commonly greenish, and red earthy bands rarely occur. Northwards of 

 Badrar the nummulitic limestones form a broad dome-shaped mass, dipping 

 in all directions ; but south-west of this, and north of Pail, the country is 

 a wide level plain, bounded towards the Son district by one of those long 

 narrow straight valleys in the nummulitic limestone, which look so 

 much as if they had been excavated upon lines of fault. This valley 

 strikes to the north-north-west, and immediately beyond it, the tertiary 

 sandstones encroach still further upon the plateau ground, and form a 

 mass of horizontally stratified hills. 



Close to Pail a fault, running a little to the east of north certainly 

 occurs ; for some of the tertiary sandstones form- 



Fault 



ing a low ridge, dip towards the carboniferous 

 limestones, which form the northern face of the hills, rising imme- 

 diately south of the village. Here the carboniferous group has already 

 increased much, the slope of the hills showing a thickness of at 

 least 250 feet of ferruginous, magnesian, and sandy limestones, dipping 

 ( 198 ) 



