NURPrU PLATEAU. 199 



south-south-east at 30° and 25°^ and the upper beds containing numerous 

 specimens of Spirifera and other carboniferous fossiJs. These beds are 

 overlaid by the nummulitic limestone with a few intervening sandy 

 and shaly layers^ some of which may possibly represent the " olive group/^ 

 or cretaceous beds of the Nilawan ravine. The nummulitic beds are at 

 first parallel with the carboniferous, but soon undulate, and on the 

 southern side of the hill, where they form an escarpment, dip to the 

 northward by west. 



From the summit of this hill the complicated structure of the 

 Structure of country surrounding country can be seen to advantage. 

 seen to north. Northwards is the flat cultivated plain, bounded 



by the tertiary sandstone escarpment; to the left low undulations of 

 the nummulitic limestone rise gradually from the flat to the margin of 

 the long valley previously mentioned ; to the right are swelling hills 

 of the same limestone, and the complications about Badrur and Dheri 

 (where the salt-marl appears) divided from the Pail hill by cultivated 

 tracts of low ground ; while the carboniferous group of this hill itself 

 is covered by nummulitic limestone, and cut off to the west by a fault 

 bringing it against tertiary sandstones. The closer relations of the 

 carboniferous group must be connected with dislocation, but they are 

 concealed by the earthy deposits of the plain below. 



Looking southward, another nummulitic limestone hill, covered by 

 "souhetta^^ (Dodonaa Burmanniana) iuno-le is 



To south. ,. -1 , n T. -1 1 -n 1 1 



seen, divided from the rail hill oy a deep narrow 

 valley, and by a similar valley from yet another, still further south, the 

 Bieot hill, composed of the same limestone, which also caps the cliffs 

 westward of the Verala scarp. Both of these hills are formed of 

 undulating and nearly horizontal beds, from which they receive a 

 tabular appearance. To the left hand are the long escarpment lines 

 of the Niirpur plateau, and on the right, nearly in front, a deep open 

 gorge or ravine leading down to the southern plains, from the right 

 hand side of which rises the bold escarpment of the Chamil nummulitic 

 limestone. 



( 199 ) 



