CHIDERU HILLS. 255 



Feet. 



f Tluu-bedded limestones and shales, sandy limestones, tbick- 



I bedded black and dark-eolovired limestones, with a few 

 G. CaEBONIFEEOUS .{ ^ • .•. ^ ^, c ■ -^ J} J , 



I shales, Gonuitites, Orthoceras, t>pirijer, Frodiiatus, 



\^ Feiiestella, Terebratula, Crhioids, &c. ... ...250 to 300 



The principal differences between tliis section andtbose of tbe coun- 

 try previously described are, that in the Jurassic formation a strong- bed 

 or zone of limestone is present, and the coaly shales of the nummulitic 

 jo-roup, instead of occurring^ near its base, are at a considerable height in 

 the formation, showing a lateral change in the earlier conditions of 

 that period. The hot and sulphurous springs of this Bakb ravine 

 have been already mentioned (page 48) ; they do not seem to be dii-ectly 

 connected with the presence of any particular formation, as they occur 

 in three of these — the carboniferous, Jurassic, and nummulitic groups — 

 in different parts of the ravine. 



The tertiary sandstones north of the ravine have a white_, saline 

 efflorescence, which may also be observed where the stream traverses 

 tlie Jurassic beds. At a height of 450 or 500 feet (by aneroid), over the 

 right cliff-bank of the gorge, rounded river-pebbles were found in sufficient 

 quantity to suggest their having remained there since the stream ran at 

 that level. For about nine miles in a north-westerly direction, along- the 

 North-west of Bakh Namal ridge, the nummulitic limestone retains its 

 ^^^^^^- steep steady dip to the north-east (fig. 47, Plate 



XXVII), and its hard beds form scarped projections overlooking- lono^i- 

 tudinal vallevs cut out of the softer bands to the south-west. Hio-h 

 ground on the western sides of these valleys is occupied by the Jurassic 

 rocks, and below these the triassic and carboniferous groups are much 

 disturbed, broken, and concealed, small masses of the " salt-marl " and 

 adjacent sandstones being introduced by faults among the sandy and 

 compact limestones with Fusulina, &c., of the carboniferous group. To 

 the eastward of the ridge the ground forms part of a wide, flat plain, in 

 which, for want of fall, Jchudderas have not been excavated by the 

 atmospheric waters. Behind the village of Budi-khel the gypseous " salt- 

 marl^'' forms a hill 350 feet or so in height, at the back of which is a 



( 255 ) 



