266 WYNNE : GEOLOGY OF THE SALT EANGE IN THE PUNJAB. 



principal elevations of the neighbourhood being well-marked escarpments 

 of the tertiary sandstones cropping to the south-west and dipping in an 

 opposite direction at angles of 20° and upwards to 45°. The whole space 

 is traversed by complex and often obscure faults, abnormally placing 

 fragmentary portions of the series inconsecutively among others. The 

 continuation of the range is here indistinct, the highest ground being 

 a parallel ridge, three miles to the north-east, formed of the tertiary sand- 

 stones, &c., dipping in that direction, generally at low angles. Coming, 

 as it were, from beneath these to the south-west are various red and grey 

 sandstone and earthy beds, among which the red pseudo-conglomeratic 

 bands contain small bone fragments and sometimes fragments of croco- 

 dilian teeth. These were observed at the foot of the ghat, on the road 

 from Mari to Niki, eastwards of Sumbla-ki-Vandi. 



In the neighbourhood of the latter village'the beds of the tertiary 



red zone predominate, undulating at low angles, 

 Sumbla-ki-Vandi. 



and being cut"off near Ainwa by a fault from the 



Indus towards the village of Khyrabad. This fault appears to be a com- 

 pound fracture made up of many breaks, and enclosing within a mile 



southwards from Ainwa a little of the " red salt- 

 Nummulites in lime- 

 stone-pebbles of tertiary marl " containing some rock-salt. The lower part 



of the greyer sandstones westward of this fault 

 is much contorted, and contains bands of conglomerate in which lime- 

 stone-pebbles full of nummulites occur. 



Further southward along the run of the fault is a high mound of 

 the drab gypseous clay previously noticed, appearing reddish near its 

 base ; and yet further on, near the mouth of the Sumbla-ki-Vandi valley, 

 the fault seems to include a broken brecciated mass of the nummulitic 

 limestone, forming a small hill. 



Just near this place, towards the plains, are some small exposures of 



the gypseous salt-marl containing rock-salt and associated with reddish 



sandstones, like those of group No. 5, and dark conglomeratic shale or 



clay with the usual metamorphic pebbles. Here the earthy matrix of 



( 266 ) 



