2 HUGHES. KXRANPtJRA COAL-FIELDS. 



The Karanpdrd fields, although now distinct and forming two 

 separate basins, were originally one continuous tract. The denuding 

 action of the Damuda river has exposed an intervening strip of gneiss, 

 that cuts the one off completely from the other. To each, therefore, 

 it has been necessary to give a separate title. The larger, I have 

 called the Karanpura, and the smaller the south Karanpura field. 



In giving this title, I have departed from the usual custom of 

 retaining the name applied by the first observer. 



But Mr. Williams, the only observer that I am aware of, who 

 recorded any observations regarding these fields, adopted the local name 

 of a river, — the Hoharu — so little known beyond a radius of two miles 

 from the village where it was in use, that I have felt no hesitation in 

 setting it aside and adopting as the title of these fields the well-known 

 name of the parganah in which they are for the most part included. 



It would be possible to notice both the Karanpura and the sou.th 

 Karanpura under one heading; but for the convenience of stratigra- 

 phical description, I have thought it advisable to treat them separately. 

 The Karanpura being of greater extent than the other, will occupy 

 the first part of this memoir. 



The Karanpura Coal-field. 

 In the literature, other than that of the Geological Survey, relating 

 to the Damuda valley, attention has never been drawn to the Karanpura 



field as a coal or iron-producing district except by 

 Mr. Williams. _ . _ 



Mr. Williams. In 1848, he examined a small por- 

 tion of the eastern extension of the coal-basin in the neighbourhood 

 of Chano and Badam, and gave it the title of the Hoharu (Hoharoo) 

 coal-field. This name, as I before remarked, has not been retained. 

 There is nothing, purely geological, of any interest to notice in 

 Mr. Williams^ paper. He remained but a very short time on the 

 ground, and devoted his attention exclusively to the discovery of coal 

 ( 286 ) 



