PHYSICAL FEATUEES. 3 



and iron. As the present survey has been carried out in much more 

 detailj it would only be a repetition of information to refer at length 

 to Mr. Williams^ report. 



The Karanpura occupies, like the Bokaro coal-field, the low 

 ground of the Damtida valley at the base of the southern scarp of the 

 Hazaribagh table-land. 



It is comprised between 84° 51' and 85° 30' east longitude, and 

 23° 37' and 33° 57' north latitude, and covers an area of 472 square 

 miles. 



Among the coal-fields of the Damuda valley, it is inferior in size 

 only to the E-aniganj field; but though larger than either the Bokaro 

 or the Jherria, it is not so important economically. The total number 

 of coal seams decreases in going from east to west. 



The extreme length of the Karanpura field is forty-two miles, and 

 its extreme breadth is nineteen. Its outline conforms with considerable 

 fidelity to the course of the scarp of the Hazaribagh table-land, which 

 overlooks it on the north, and to the other metamorphic hills which 

 limit it on the east, west, and south. 



Denudation has, of course, in many places done much to modify this 

 agreement of outline with the contour of its natural boundaries ; but, 

 roughly speaking, the coal measures are still found in all the larger 

 sweeps and indentations which the ranges present. 



The chief features in the physical appearance of the field resemble 



those of the Bokaro area. Talchir, Damuda 



Physical appearance. 



and Panchet rocks occur, and each series exhibits 

 that surface contour which is characteristic of it. 



Flat stretches of Talchirs contrast with the hillocks and low 

 scarped table-lands of the Barakars ; and wide level expanses of ironstone 

 shales, Raniganj and Lower Panchet rocks, throw into bold relief th@ 

 massive hill lands of the upper Panchets. 



( 287 ) 



