36 HUGHES.— KARANPtJRA COAL-FIELDS. 



Lower Panchet group. — The distribution of the Lower Panchets is 

 very simple. They form a belt surrounding all the elevated lands of the 

 upper group that rise from the middle and in the south-west corner of 

 the field. 



The characteristic beds are the red clays found towards the middle 

 and in the upper part of the series. In the Karanpura district they 

 do not form thick beds as in the Raniganj fields but resemble more those 

 of the Bokaro in being thinly laminated, of slight thickness, and alter- 

 nating with green micaceous clays. 



The fine green highly micaceous sandstones, which are so noticeable 

 in the Bokaro and Raniganj fields, are here represented by rocks of a 

 much coarser tj^pe, and much less abundant in mica. 



The finest sections of Lower Panchets occur in the Girwa and 

 Gonda rivers, and along the north face of Maudih hill. , 



The mapping of the Gonda river on the maps we had to use is 

 wrong, between Raham and Gonda ; and the boundary line of the 

 E-aniganj and Panchets has been accommodated to the error. The true 

 strike of the Panchet rocks near the village of Gonda is north-east, 

 which becomes more easterly in the vicinity of Raham. 



Upper Panchet group). — The rocks of this group are very distinct 

 from those of the Lower Panchets. Coarse sandstones, grits and con- 

 glomerates are the characteristic beds. Shales are subordinate. 



The boundary between the two groups is not always clearly marked, 

 for sometimes in the Lower Panchets there are ferruginous sandstones 

 intercalated with red-clays, undistinguishable from the most characteristic 

 Upper Panchet sandtsones. That there are good grounds for separation, 

 becomes quite clear in some sections, for the conglomerates overlap 

 the lower group entirely in places. One of the most notable instances 

 is the south-east spur of Maudih hill, between Ango and Bahka. The , 

 conglomerates are there seen resting directly upon Barakars. This is 



( 320 ) 



