38 



PART II. 



The South Kauanpura Field. 

 The original discoverer of this field was my coUeagrie, Mr. Ball, in 

 1865, who gave it the title of the Tiingi coal-field. He was not aware 

 of its extent, having only partially examined it, and for the ^ke of 

 reference adopted the name of the village of Tungi, which occupied 

 a central position in the portion of the field which he mapped. 



The village, however, is a collection of only five or six rude huts, 

 inhabited by Bediahs, is not situated upon the coal-measures, and is 

 scarcely known beyond a circle of three or four miles. I have therefore 

 considered it more advisable to select a name widely recognised, which 

 conveys an idea of its locality. Consequently, the designation of the 

 parganah has been adopted ; and to show its relation to the larger coal 

 field — the Karanpiira — I have thought it better to call it the South 

 Karanpura coal-field. 



Its geographical position is comprised within the latitudes and 

 lono-itudes given for the Karanpura. It occupies the low ground of 

 the valley of the Damuda extending along the banks of that river for 

 a distance of nearly eighteen miles. To the south the field is overlooked 

 by the scarp of the Eanchi or Chota-Nagpur table-land at a height of 

 2,000 feet above the sea. Whilst on the north, in its immediate vicinity, 

 are the metamorphic hills of Ango and Garsulah, and more remote the 

 scarp of the Hazaribagh table-land. 



The greatest length of the field is twenty-two miles, its average 

 breadth four miles, and its area seventy-one and a half miles, of which 

 three are occupied by the Tungi inlier of crystalline rocks. 



Of the drainage there is little to say. The Damuda is the princi- 

 pal river, but its only tributary of any importance is the Jainagar 



stream. 



( 332 ) 



