GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. 53 



faulting". The evidence of gradual thinning- only tends to reduce the 

 estimate which has been formed of the amount of throw of the southern 

 faults, but it cannot be admitted as any positive testimony to the 

 absence of faulting". 



In the Karanptira field there is direct mechanical proof of the ex- 

 istence of the southern Chano fault, and thus we have one authentic 

 example to confirm the conclusions which have been drawn from pheno- 

 mena similar to those exhibited in the Chano basin ; namely, greater 

 amount or excess of disturbance along the boundary and the apparent 

 depression of higher rocks. 



Experience of every area, and more especially of coal areas, where 

 the most careful observations have been made, proves the occurrence of 

 faults of varying magnitude ; and considering, that in these Damuda 

 valley fields the country has been subjected to similar crust-movements 

 as those of other regions, I think it is but natural we should have 

 similar phenomena exhibited. 



By the admission of faults, the assumption that the existing" orogra- 

 phical features of the country were marked out before the deposition of 

 the coal-measures becomes untenable. For, we have to admit that the 

 Talchirs and super-imposed series were most probably — when such a 

 short distance only intervened as that which separates the measures of 

 the Hazaribagh table-land and those of the Damuda valley — deposited at 

 the same level, and consequently the Hazaribagh table-land relatively to 

 the Damuda valley has undergone displacement to the extent necessary 

 to bring about the present difierence in elevation. 



The general direction of the great lines of fracture is east and west, 

 and as these occurred subsequently to the formation of the newest series 

 associated with the coal-measures, we must assign a more recent age to 

 the formation of the orographical features of the Hazaribagh and adjoin- 

 ing countiy than the Panchet period. 



( 337 ) 



