CHAP. 1.] PREVIOUS OBSERVERS. 7 
territories: but the author refers to these rocks under the term “ Old Red 
Sandstone," and supposes that they are identical with like deposits in 
the Deccan, Vindhyan, and Gondwana ranges on both sides of the 
Nerbuddah, great part of Bundelkund, and possibly about Delhi. He 
does not consider the sandstone (quartzite) as the “old red" of English 
geologists, but as “identical with the old or new red sandstones of the 
Wernerian Geognosy." 
Dr. Malcolmson, of the Madras establishment, also about this time 
wrote two papers,* in both of which the Cuddapah 
Dr. Malcolmson (1836-37). 
rocks are treated of. In the first, there is only the 
very slightest reference made to the “Clay Slate Formation,” a term to 
which Mr. Maleolmson objects; in so far as he thinks it would be better 
to characterize the limestone of this formation as “the limestone,” 
* Cuddapah limestone," or other terms involving no opinion as to its 
geological relations. In the much more full and elaborate paper on the 
Great Basaltie District of India, the author enters largely into a descrip- 
tion of the country about Bangnapilly, and south and east of Cuddapah. 
He characterizes the underlying rock at the Bangnapilly mines as 
schistose beds passing into limestone, whereas the limestone only occurs 
interstratified with rocks, which are altogether, as he would call them, 
schists (more properly slaty shales) ; the limestone bands are accidental, not 
distinctive. It is necessary to notice this more particularly, as subsequent 
writers seem to have been guided by this arrangement of Malcolmson’s, 
and have confounded * Limestones,”. ** Limestone and Clay Slates,” and 
* “Notes explanatory of a collection of geological specimens from the country between 
Hyderabad and Nagpur”—By J. G. Malcolmson, Assistant Surgeon, Madras establishment.— 
Jour., As. Soc., Beng., V, 96; reprinted in Madras Jour., Lit. and Sci, vol IV, p. 194, 
July, 1836. 
*On the fossils of the eastern portion of the Great Basaltic District of India"—By 
J. G. Malcolmson, Esq., F. G. S. Trans., Geol. Soc., London, 2nd ser., vol. V, p. 537. 
(oun) 
