CHAP. 1.] i PREVIOUS OBSERVERS. | 15 
So far, the rocks of Cuddapah and Kurnool had been worked out, 
and published accounts: of them given, when 
by E their further investigation was in time taken up 
by the Geological Survey of India. The present 
report is partly the result of these investigations which were carried 
out by the late Mr. Charles Æ. Oldham, Mr. R. Bruce Foote, and 
myself, under Mr. C. Oldham's superintendence. 
The work and conclusions of these my two colleagues have 
therefore necessarily been largely drawn upon by me in the compilation 
of this essay, and these will be found in their proper place as the rocks 
referred to are described. 
The foregoing resumé of the work of previous explorers will indi- 
cate that, in our investigation of the geological relations of the coun- 
try, we have come to conclusions which are often quite opposed to those 
already detailed,—a result which is, after all, mainly due to the more 
advanced state of geological knowledge and modes of investigation thereof 
in the present day. None of those writers were specially trained by 
previous education for the work they attempted, but they appear to have 
earnestly done the best they could according to their opportenities,—an 
end which ought to be the aim of every true explorer. They nearly all 
risked their lives more or less for the sake of what to them was merely 
love of the work they took in hand, because it is utterly impossible that 
they could have gone into such out-of-the-way localities, as many of 
them did, without undue exposure to the sun, or the malarious 
influences of the jungle, or that they would have so exposed themselves 
unless urged on by true scientific fervor. Most of them made their 
expeditions without any serious detriment; but there was the usual 
accompaniment of sacrifice when it is remarked that Voysey died in his 
palanguin while on one of his tours, making notes and collecting 
specimens almost up to the last day, the lifeless body being brought on 
(249 - 
