34 KING: KADAPAH AND KARNUL FORMATIONS. [PART ۰: 
by the bearers to the proposed end of his journey at the Howrah ghat of 
Caleutta. Dr. A. T. Christie, in his turn, also succumbed to fever, which 
was brought on by exposure during his travels in the cause of science ; 
and later still, while our examination of these rocks was being closed 
up, comes the news from England of the death of our friend and col- 
league Mr. Charles Æ. Oldham, the seeds of whose fatal illness were, 
without doubt, engendered during his field life in these districts. 
CHAPTER 2.— PHYSICAL STRUCTURE. 
The physical aspect of the country is very different from that of 
the rest of Southern India. In the latter, huge, 
more or less radiately ribbed mountain masses, 
As compared with the 
rest of Southern India. 
serrated and peaked ridges, conical hills, or great rounded bosses and 
humps rise out of and diversify extensive plains, or there is a rugged 
upland—still preserving a general plain-like form—dotted over with 
quaintly shaped assemblages of rock in addition to the ordinary hilly 
forms just enumerated. 
Such is the character of the country outside the Kurnool and 
The country outside. — Cuddapah field. On the eastern side and to the 
south are the plains of Nellore and Madras with their ribbed and peaked 
ridges and hills* و‎ while on the western side there is the rugged upland 
country with its “ tors,” and more or less rounded and angular groups of 
hills of Bellary and the Cuddapah sub-divisions leading up to the Mysore 
plateau, all of which are forms characteristic of a country of crystalline 
rocks. 
But round the edges, or in the interior of the region so girded by 
The country inside. low country and upland, quite another series of fea- 
tures is exhibited. The mountains are for the most part ridged in roughly 
* The scarped hills and ridges of Cumbauk Droog, Narnaveram, and Naggery are 
capped by XADAPAH rocks, and therefore show a combination of characters belonging 
respectively to erystallines and rocks of clearly aqueous origin. 
( 14 ) 
