_ CHAP. 2.] PHYSICAL STRUCTURE. 17 
the skeleton of the field of KApAPAH rocks enclosed, as they are, on 
“all sides, except towards Kurnool, Gooty in the Bellary District, and 
Kiskumbady at the southern end, by mountain ranges of greater or 
lesser extent and elevation. 
The Nundyall valley is enclosed on its eastern side by the Nulla- 
DN of e mullays, the most extensive range of mountains 
NT the in the district, which is simply a generally north 
and south system of elevations and depressions 
except towards the north, where these become arranged concentrically 
around the great mountain nucleus of Eeshwarnacoopum, beyond which 
in the Kistnah-Nullamullays the northern extremity of the mountains 
assumes generally a plateau form. 
The western side of the same valley is flanked by the much lower 
wed PME flattish ranges of the Paneum, Baitumcheroo, 
O E Ramwarum, Nosoom, and Jummulmudgoo hills, 
the last of which is the promontory, as 1t were, between the southern 
'end of the Khoond-air hollow and that of Taudapurtee. 
This last valley and the southern end of the main hollow at 
Cuddapah are enclosed by the Goolcheroo range 
The Goolcheroo hills, 
&e., of the southern end : heir north-weste : : 
SONIS UNS Salt nella, of hills, and their western extension Is a 
and the north-west branch series of parallel and elevated ridges which run 
of open country up to Mau : 
Gooty. up to within a few miles of the Gooty opening. 
M Vermilion up) Mono this gap, another range of hills called 
ora . the Yerramullays, which are only westward ex- 
tensions of the Paneum, Baitumcheroo, and Ramwarum ranges, above 
referred to, extend to within a few miles of Kurnool when they drop 
down to the northern opening of the Khoond-air hollow. 
The final closing in of the Cuddapah end of this valley is by the 
Polleonda hill—part of the Goolcheroo range— ; 
The Bankrapett-Poll- 
eonda neck. and the Bankrapett hill,—a,southerly spur of the 
Nullamullays. 
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