CHAP. 2. | PHYSICAL STRUCTURE. 19 
The Budvail and Chittavail valley is ribbed up its middle by further 
. minorridges, which, however, are broader and loftier 
A mid ridge of this 
valley eventually with in a southerly direction and eventually become 
the southern extremity 7 
of the Ellacondas be- one with the outer mountains when they form 
comes the enclosing wall 
of the southern end of the eastern side of the southern part of the 
field. 
Chey-air basin, and the little Balbapully valley. 
Opposite Cummum the Ellaconda mountains die down into the 
plams, and then the country opens out into the 
Valley opens out for a 1 fat : 
short time at Cummum low country of the Carnatic, but it is again further 
and is then shut in again. : 
south confined by low ridges, and finally shut up 
in an attenuated corner by the north-eastern spur of the Nullamullays 
and the Vinnaconda* and Suddabuttconda hill ridges. 
Still. further north again there is a rudely triangular hollow 
M I of AA traversed ky the Kistnah, and called the Palnad,t 
ge which is enclosed by the north-eastern spur of the 
Nullamullays just referred to, or the Waumyconda range, on its south- 
east side, the prolongation of the Suddabutt ridges on the eastern side, 
and the final east-north-east dyings out of the Kistnah-Nullamullays on 
as north or left bank of that river; and the north-eastern extremity 
of this ridge-enclosed Palnád is the termination in that direction of the 
KADAPAH and KARNÜL field, in the large frontier town of Juggiapetti 
or Batavole. 
The western edge of the field for nearly all its length is a cliffy 
1 va: kacr ot he اه‎ erd 
The western edge of scarp of no g g 
the field. but gradually becoming higher and higher until 
* Vinnakonda, Innaconda, Yinnacondah or Vinuconda. 
+ Western taluq of the Kistnah District. 
i The locality of the well known but as yet mythical coal-field cf Colonel Applegath, 
of the Madras Army. 
( 99.) 
