CHAP. 2. | PHYSICAL STRUCTURE, 21 
The country lying outside of this peninsula of Kapapan and 
The low country out. SARNUL rocks also requires some little description, 
side. as it is made up of rocks upon which the deposits 
of what may be called the Cuddapah Gulf were laid down, while it is 
also dotted at intervals by hills and ridges which are capped by outliers 
of the same rocks. 
To the east and south of the barrier ranges of hills described above 
Mite Cusnatio o Pavan is spread the low country or plains of Guntoor, 
Ghat. Nellore, and North Arcot, which is part of what 
in old times was called the Payan Ghat, or country below the Ghats, in 
contradistinction to the Bala Ghat, or country above the Ghats. This 
low country slopes gradually to the level of the eastern shores of this 
part of the Bay of Bengal, being at first, or in the neighbourhood of 
the mountains, fringed at intervals with flat topped and ridgy hills, the 
southernmost of which make up the rather extensive group of the 
Narnaveram and Calastry hills, with their grand scarps and lofty cliffs 
crowning the basement slopes. 
This group of hills is separated from the southern extremity of the 
main area by the wide valley of the Soornamookey river, at the 
western end of which a ghat or ascent leads by the Nagaputla Pass 
up to the edge of the great Mysore plateau, or, as stated above, the 
Bala Ghat; and it is this upland country which lies at the base of 
the western hill barrier. 
This western terrace of upland is likewise a great plain, though very 
different from that of the coast. It is more 
d COMO EUNT broken up by stream valleys, more undulating, and 
is everywhere dotted over with numerous rocky bosses and humpy masses 
of hill, or with occasional long ridges, having wall-like and serrated 
crests, standing out with peculiar conspicuousness. 
( 21 ) 
