26 KING: KADAPAH AND KARNÜL FORMATIONS. [PART 2 
narrowing of the peninsula-shaped area, as the southern extremity is 
approached. The general elevation is also becoming less as the extre- 
mity is neared, for at Rachotee a height only of 1,900 feet is reached. 
Some fourteen miles east of the town, the western boundary hills begin 
to rise up and show a fine scarp of 2,000 feet, after crossing over which 
and a parallel of long eastward-sloping hills, the south-eastern exten- 
sion of the medial ehain of valleys is reached with a height of 586 feet 
at Chota Orampod. "Then come two elevated ridges which are really 
the southerly tailing-off of the Nullamullays, and these are succeeded 
by the Ellaconda range with a height of 1,500 feet, though this varies 
very much to the north and south. At 900 feet below, the steeper slopes 
fade into the Nellore plains. 
The Soornamookey valley, extending past the southern extremity 
; of the Cuddapah area, is from 500 to 600 
1558 feet above the sea; and, on its southern side, the 
outlying group of Calastry and Narnaveram hills attains an average 
elevation of nearly 2,000 feet, while the peaked headland of Naggery Nose 
which is capped by the most southerly outlier of the rocks, is about. 
1,800 feet above the sea. 
The outlying ridges in the Nellore plains are of various heights, 
Oodagherry hill, which is not much below 2,000 
feet, being: the loftiest. 
Eastern outliers. 
The whole country just deseribed ts mainly drained by two great 
rivers, the Kistnah and Penn-air, though the latter 
my carries off most of the water. The Kistnah only 
traverses the area for a comparatively short distance, and, for this dis- 
tance, is merely fed by minor streams flowing down from the very short 
northern slope of the watershed between the two main rivers; whereas 
the Penn-air, besides being fed by three large tributaries, which eon- 
( 26 ) 
