33 KING: KADAPAH AND KARNÜL FORMATIONS. [PART T; 
is the great central valley of the Khoond-air, which is crossed by a 
nearly straight south-east run to the Nullamullay mountains, in passing 
through which is displayed in miniature a river valley somewhat like 
the western part of that of the Kistnah, as it traverses the same range. 
Finally, the passage of the Yellaconda is made by a wide opening, the 
mountains rising rather leisurely from the river bed which only for 
part of its course is bounded by low cliffs: and then the river is free 
to run to the Bay of Bengal by the plains of Nellore. 
The three great feeders of the Penn-air, namely, the tributaries, Chit- 
The Chittrayntty; Pau- travutty, Paupugnee, and Chey-air, follow a very 
pugnee, and Chey-air. similar course to that which the Penn-air itself does, 
between the western hills and Cuddapah. They flow from the Mysore 
plateau, and each by a more or less narrow passage through the western 
hills; the most southerly, or Chey-air, having had the wider band of 
hills to cut through, after which their route is over stretches of plain 
country with occasional passing of ridges. The Paupugnee in its passage 
through the Goolcheroo range shows a fine gorge “with (according 
to Mr. C. Æ. Oldham) bold bluffs or cliffs on either side of the river, 
of perhaps 200 feet or more." The Chey-air recelves a large tributary,— 
the Mundaveer or Chitt-air,—after it has entered the area of the 
KADAPAH rocks,—which also rises in the Mysore plateau ; and thus the 
western wall of the area is cut through in two places for the Chey-air, 
giving fine examples of fissure form of denudation. 
The Penn-air and its three large tributaries follow at times rather 
zigzag courses, and these are, in the passage of the different hill 
barriers, to a certain extent seemingly parallel with, or really in, 
great joint fissures. 
The other tributaries, viz., the Khoond-air and Suggle-air, are 
essentially long valley rivers running for the greater part of their 
course through plains without any obstruction. 
Cee ) 
