36 KING: KADAPAH AND KARNUL FORMATIONS. [PART I. 
the progress of a railway, running to the west or north-west from 
Madras, is the line of the Eastern Ghats, and the area of KADAPAH 
rocks has been found to come in as an easy route of ascent. It will be 
remembered that the mountain barriers of our area are described as 
having sunk down to the level of the adjacent low country at certain 
points, as in the neighbourhood of Kurnool, to the east of Gooty, or 
again at the southern extremity near Tripetty. Here, at the southern 
end of the area, at a level of between 500 and 600 feet, the line 
of railway has been able to enter on the ascent of the Ghats, and, taking 
advantage of the chain of valleys south-east of Cuddapah, has been able 
to enter the basin of that town. Thence it continues by the westerly 
tailing-off of this basin, and so out by the Gooty opening in the western 
hills to the edge of the Mysore plateau; whence in time the country 
may be opened up to any extent. 
CHAPTER 3.—GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF Rocks. 
The rocks of the field described in the preceding pages, viz., the 
Rocks of field are of Demimsula-like hill-girt basim and the belt of low 
Si rezis CEBE, country outside, may be arranged under the fol- 
lowing heads, and belong to the two great families of— 
ALTERED OR TRANSITION ROCKS and 
CRYSTALLINE ROCKS. 
The first, or the KADAPAH and KARNUL rocks, are possibly of 
TRANSITION and Crys. Paleozoic age; they may even be older than this و‎ 
SSUES OS. but they are, according to our present knowledge 
of them, azoic, for we have found no trace of life in them. 
The CRYSTALLINE ROCKS, or GNEISSIC SERIES, constitute the ground- 
floor on which the kApAPAHS and KARNULS were deposited; and for the 
present they will only be described in this way, as occupying a narrow 
belt of country all round the outermost boundaries of the newer rocks. 
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